This is a set for Doyle's poetic terms people should know for AP Literature.
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| 495620717 | Stanza | A group of lines forming a part of a poem; a verse ex:(aabbcca), (aabbcca) | 0 | |
| 495620718 | Verse | It can be either a stanza or a single line of poetry | 1 | |
| 495620719 | Line | A line in a poem | 2 | |
| 495620720 | Scansion | The metrical analysis of verse. The usual marks for scansion are ˘ for a short or unaccented syllable, ¯ or for a long or accented syllable, ^ for a rest, | for a foot division, and ‖ for a caesura or pause. | 3 | |
| 495620721 | Meter | A pattern of stressed (accented) sounds in English poetry | 4 | |
| 495620722 | Iamb | One short (unstressed) syllable followed by one long (stressed) syllable | 5 | |
| 495620723 | Trochee | The metrical foot of two syllables, one long (stressed) and one short (unstressed) | 6 | |
| 495620724 | Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two short (unstressed) syllables followed by one long (stressed) syllable | 7 | |
| 495620725 | Dactyl | A metrical foot consisting of one long (stressed) syllable followed by two short (unstressed) syllables | 8 | |
| 495620726 | Spondee | A foot consisting of two long (stressed) syllables | 9 | |
| 495620727 | Stress/accent | An accent or emphasis on syllables in a metrical pattern | 10 | |
| 495620728 | Feet | The basic units of measurement in a line of poetry | 11 | |
| 495620729 | Rising Meter | Poetic meters such as iambic and anapestic that move or ascend from an unstressed to a stressed syllable | 12 | |
| 495620730 | Falling Meter | Poetic meters such as trochaic and dactylic that move or fall from a stressed to an unstressed syllable | 13 | |
| 495620731 | Masculine Ending | A stressed syllable that ends a line of verse | 14 | |
| 495620732 | Feminine Ending | An unaccented syllable at the close of a line of poetry, often one that is added to the metrical pattern as an extra syllable | 15 | |
| 495620733 | Enjambment | When a poet cuts a sentence into more than one line for a reason ex: The flame is defined as a burning thing of mind | 16 | |
| 495620734 | End-Stopped Line | A line break that coincides with the end of the sentence | 17 | |
| 495620735 | Caesura | A strong pause within a line of verse ex: He thought he'd 'list, perhaps, Off-hand-like--just as I-- Was out of work-had sold his traps-- No other reason why. | 18 | |
| 495620736 | Blank Verse | A poem written with no rhyme in iambic pentameter | 19 | |
| 495620737 | Free Verse | A poem written with no rhyme or meter ex: (a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j) | 20 | |
| 495620738 | Rhyme Scheme | Rhymed words at the end of lines ex: "Roses are red Violents are blue Sugar is sweet And so are you" | 21 | |
| 495620739 | Couplet | A stanza of two lines, usually, but not necessarily, with end-rhymes | 22 | |
| 495620740 | Rhyme | Stresses at regular intervals | 23 | |
| 495620741 | End Rhyme | The rhyming words occur at the ends of the lines | 24 | |
| 495620742 | Internal Rhyme | When the rhyme occurs within lines ex: "Each narrow cell in which we dwell" | 25 | |
| 495620743 | Eye Rhyme | When the sounds do not in fact rhyme, but the words look as though they would rhyme ex: cough, bough | 26 | |
| 495620744 | Masculine Rhyme | Rhyming with 1 syllable ex: Cat, Bat, Hat, Sat | 27 | |
| 495620745 | Feminine Rhyme | Rhyming with last 2 syllables ex: devotion, motion, notion | 28 | |
| 495620746 | Slant Rhyme | Not easily noticed rhymes ex: foot, root | 29 | |
| 495620747 | Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound ex: That, Hat, Cat, a, Nap | 30 | |
| 495620748 | Consonance | The repetition of identical consonant sounds and differing vowel sounds in words in proximity. Sometimes consonance is more loosely defined as the repetition of a consonant ex: fail/feel, rough/roof, pitter/patter-fail/peel | 31 | |
| 495620749 | Alliteration | Repetition of a consonant sound ex: Peter, Piper, Pickle | 32 | |
| 495620750 | Euphony | Soothing pleasant sounds ex: "O Star (the fairest one in sight)" | 33 | |
| 495620751 | Cacophony | Harsh discordant sounds ex: "My stick fingers click with a snicker And, chuckling, they knuckle the keys..." John Updike | 34 | |
| 495620752 | Onomatopoeia | A word written of a sound ex: buzz, meow, bark, boom | 35 | |
| 495620753 | Figurative Language | A form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words ex: hyperboles, exaggeration | 36 | |
| 495620754 | Figures of Speech | Non-logical language; not to be taken literally | 37 | |
| 495620755 | Metaphor | When items from different classes are implicitly compared, WITHOUT a connective such as "like" or "as." ex: "She is the rose" | 38 | |
| 495620756 | Implied Metaphor | A less direct metaphor ex: "John swelled and ruffled his plumage" (vs John was a peacock) | 39 | |
| 495620757 | Extended Metaphor | Detailed and complex metaphors that extend over a long section of a poem | 40 | |
| 495620758 | Controlling Metaphor | Metaphors that dominate or organize an entire poem | 41 | |
| 495620759 | Simile | When items from different classes are compared by a connective such as "like," "as," or "than" or by a verb such as "appears" or "seems." ex: "She is like the rose" | 42 | |
| 495620760 | Synecdoche | When the whole is replace by the part, or the part by the whole | 43 | |
| 495620761 | Metonymy | When something is named that replaces something closely related to it ex:(Scepter and crown) must tumble down And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked (scythe and spade). | 44 | |
| 495620762 | Pun | A figure of speech which consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical effect, whether humorous or serious. A pun can rely on the assumed equivalency of multiple similar words (homonymy), of different shades of meaning of one word (polysemy), or of a literal meaning with a metaphor. Bad puns are often considered to be cheesy ex: A bicycle can't stand alone because it is two-tired | 45 | |
| 495620763 | Apostrophe | An address to a person or thing not literally listening ex: "O lovely rose, your perfume fills the air" | 46 | |
| 495620764 | Overstate/ Hyperbole | An exaggeration ex: "He died a thousand deaths" | 47 | |
| 495620765 | Personification | When a non-person object is given human traits ex: the wind climbed up the tree that was stretching towards the sun | 48 | |
| 495620766 | Paradox | An apparent contradiction ex:"He who would save his life must lose it" | 49 | |
| 495620767 | Oxymoron | Placing two contradictory words together ex: Jumbo Shrimp, Wise Fool | 50 | |
| 495620768 | Symbol | An image loaded with significance beyond literal definition; suggestive rather than definitive | 51 | |
| 495620769 | Conventional Symbol | Symbols which people have agreed to accept as standing for something other than themselves ex: rose=love, cross=christianity or religion | 52 | |
| 495620770 | Contextual Symbol | A unique or original symbol an author creates within the context of an individual work or an author's collected works | 53 | |
| 495620771 | Doggerel | A derogatory term for verse considered of little literary value. Usually the sincere product of poetic incompetence, and only unintentionally humorous | 54 | |
| 495620772 | Lyric | A short poem, often songlike, with the emphasis not on narrative but on the speaker's emotion or reverie. A lyric is set in the present, catching a speaker in a moment of expression | 55 | |
| 495620773 | Narrative Poem | A poem whose main purpose is to tell a story | 56 | |
| 495620774 | Epic | A long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero. Epics typically chronicle the origins of a civilization and embody its central values ex: Homers the Iliad | 57 | |
| 495620775 | Cliches | Is utilizing overused anaolgies and simplistic rhyming scheme ex: "I love you with a fire/ It burns with a desire" | 58 | |
| 495620776 | Sentimentality | A melodramatic poem form. It is aimed primarily at stimulating the emotions rather than at communicating experience truthfully | 59 | |
| 495620777 | Diction | The choice of words and/or grammatical constructions ex: jargon, colloquialisms etc. | 60 | |
| 495620778 | Poetic Diction | The term used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry | 61 | |
| 495620779 | Formal Diction | Involves elaborate, technical, or polysyllabic vocabulary and careful attention to the proprieties of grammar | 62 | |
| 495620780 | Middle Diction | When correct language is maintained but it is less elevated in style than is formal | 63 | |
| 495620781 | Informal Diction | The use language that is not as lofty or impersonal as formal diction; similar to everyday speech | 64 | |
| 495620782 | Colloquialisms | Everyday speech; particular to an area or group of people | 65 | |
| 495620783 | Denotation | The dictionary definition ex: skeleton=bony structure | 66 | |
| 495620784 | Connotation | The suggested or associated meaning ex: skeleton=death | 67 | |
| 495620785 | Persona | A poem that refers to the narrator or speaker of the poem, not to be confused with the author - a narrative voice other than the poet tells the entire poem | 68 | |
| 495620786 | Ambiguity | Ambiguity is the quality of having more than one meaning ex: "A friend in need is a friend indeed" "Seven Types of Ambiguity" | 69 | |
| 495620787 | Syntax | The grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialogue. The organization of words and phrases and clauses in sentences of prose, verse, and dialogue ex: "Whose woods these are I think I know." (subject, verb, object order) are reversed | 70 | |
| 495620788 | Dramatic Monolog | A single character speaking at a critical moment, usually addressed to some other character who remains silent | 71 | |
| 495620789 | Imagery | The sensory content of poems; appeals to the five senses | 72 | |
| 495620790 | Allegory | A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning. Allegory often takes the form of a story in which the characters represent moral qualities | 73 | |
| 495620791 | Didactic Poetry | A poem written to state a message or teach a body of knowledge | 74 | |
| 495620792 | Irony | Without using figures of speech, speakers may use this device, saying things that are not to be taken literally, forming a contrast | 75 | |
| 495620793 | Verbal Irony | A contrast between what is said and what is meant | 76 | |
| 495620794 | Situational Irony | Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected | 77 | |
| 495620795 | Dramatic Irony | A contrast between what is intended and what is accomplished | 78 | |
| 495620796 | Cosmic Irony | The idea that fate, destiny, or a god controls and toys with human hopes and expectations; also, the belief that the universe is so large and man is so small that the universe is indifferent to the plight of man | 79 | |
| 495620797 | Satire | A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies | 80 | |
| 495620798 | Parody | A humorous, mocking imitation of a literary work, sometimes sarcastic, but often playful and even respectful in its playful imitation | 81 | |
| 495620799 | Sonnet | A closed, fixed form. A fourteen-line poem, predominantly in iambic pentameter | 82 | |
| 495620800 | Petrarchan | Named for the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch (1304-74), has two divisions: the first eight lines (rhyming abba abba) are the octave, the last six (rhyming cd cd cd, or a variant) are the sestet | 83 | |
| 495620801 | Shakespearean | Usually arranged into three quatrains and a couplet, rhyming (abab cdcd efef gg) | 84 | |
| 495620802 | Heroic Couplet | A rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often "closed," that is, containing a complete thought, with a fairly heavy pause at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second | 85 | |
| 495620803 | Terza Rima | An arrangement of triplets, esp. in iambs, that rhyme aba bcb cdc, etc. ex: Dante's "La Divina Comedia" | 86 | |
| 495620804 | Quatrain | A four-line stanza, rhymed or unrhymed | 87 | |
| 495620805 | Octave | An eight-line unit, which may constitute a stanza; or a section of a poem, as in the octave of a sonnet | 88 | |
| 495620806 | Sestet | A six-line unit of verse constituting a stanza or section of a poem; the last six lines of an Italian sonnet | 89 | |
| 495620807 | Villanelle | A closed, fixed French form; 5 tercets and a quatrain | 90 | |
| 495620808 | Sestina | A poem of thirty-nine lines and written in iambic pentameter. Its six-line stanza repeat in an intricate and prescribed order the final word in each of the first six lines. After the sixth stanza, there is a three-line envoi, which uses the six repeating words, two per line | 91 | |
| 495620809 | Epigram | A brief witty poem, often satirical ex: "I am his Highness' dog at Kew; Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?" | 92 | |
| 495620810 | Limerick | A humorous, frequently bawdy, verse of three long and two short lines rhyming aabba | 93 | |
| 495620811 | Elegy | A lyric poem that is melancholy or mournfully contemplative; sometimes laments a death | 94 | |
| 495620812 | Ode | A lyric poem that is long, elaborate, and on a lofty theme such as immortality or a hero's victory | 95 | |
| 495620813 | Haiku | A Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in three lines of five, seven, and five | 96 | |
| 495620814 | Ballad | A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style | 97 | |
| 495620815 | Literary Ballad | A form of verse, often a narrative set to music | 98 |
