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AP Literature: Structure (Poetry) Flashcards

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7445326195AlliterationThe repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (e.g. map-moon, kill-code, preach-approve)0
7445334001AnapestA metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable (e.g. "understand")1
7445344634Anapestic MeterA meter in which a majority of the feet are anapests2
7445347212Approximate rhymeAlso known as an imperfect rhyme, near rhyme, slant rhyme, or oblique rhyme, this is a term used for words in a rhyming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rhymes (e.g. arrayed-said)3
7445440209AssonanceThe repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words (e.g. hat-ran-amber, vein-made)4
7445470564Ballad meterStanzas formed of quatrains of iambs in which the first and third lines have four stresses (tetrameter) and the second and fourth lines have three stresses (trimeter). Usually, the second and fourth lines rhyme (abcb), although this meter is not followed strictly5
7445846034Blank versePoetry with a meter, but not rhymed, usually in iambic pentameter6
7446387796ConsonanceThe repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (e.g. book-plaque-thicker)7
7446395920CoupletTwo successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme8
7446407456DactylA metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables (e.g. merrily)9
7446412093Dactylic meterA meter in which the majority of the feet are dactyls10
7446415531End rhymeRhymes that occur at the ends of lines11
7446419428End-stopped lineA line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation -- the opposite of enjambment12
7446426840EnjambmentAlso known as a run-on line, this is a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line -- the opposite of an end-stopped line13
7446466603English/Shakespearean SonnetA sonnet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. Its content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet; but it is often structured into octave and sestet, the principal break in thought coming at the end of the eighth line14
7446481392Feminine rhymeA rhyme in which the stress is on the penultimate syllable of the words (e.g. picky-tricky)15
7446498714FootThe basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse. It usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables16
7446505716Free verseNonmetrical verse; poetry written in this style is arranged in lines but has no fixed pattern or expectation17
7446511623Half rhymeConsonance on the final consonants of the words involved18
7446518334Heroic coupletPoems constructed by a sequence of two (usually rhyming) lines of verse in iambic pentameter; if these two lines do not rhyme, they are usually separated by an extra white space19
7446528682IambA metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable (e.g. rehearse)20
7446533627Iambic meterA meter in which the majority of feet are iambs; the most common English meter21
7446537369Internal rhymeA rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme-words occur within the line22
7446540594Italian/Petrarchan sonnetA sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde23
7446574876Masculine rhymeA rhyme in which the stress is on the final syllable of the words (e.g. rhyme-sublime)24
7446578631MeterRegularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occur at apparently equal intervals in time25
7446593238OctaveAn eight-line stanza; the first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet26
7446609537Perfect rhymeA rhyme in which the later part of the word or phrase is identical sounding to another. Types include masculine and feminine, among others27
7446614315PentameterA metrical line containing five feet28
7446616924QuatrainA four-line stanza; a four-line division of a sonnet marked off by its rhyme scheme29
7446626798RefrainA repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanziac form30
7446636754RhymeThe repetition of an identical or similarly accented sound or sounds in a work. Lyricists may exploit it in multiple ways within a verse.31
7446657896Rhyme schemeAny fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas32
7446660258ScansionThe process of measuring verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern33
7446686808SestetA six-line stanza; the last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model34
7446690116SpondeeA metrical foot consisting of two equally accented syllables (e.g. true-blue)35
7446698413StanzaA group of lines whose metrical pattern (and usually its rhyme scheme as well) is repeated throughout a poem36
7446702610SyntaxThe arrangement of words to form phrases, clauses, and sentences; sentence construction37
7446706750Terza RimaA three-line stanza form borrowed from the Italian poets. The rhyme scheme is: aba, bcb, cdc, ded, etc.38
7446714213TetrameterA metrical line containing four feet39
7446714214TrimeterA metrical line containing three feet40
7446719463Triple meterA meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables (actually, if more than 25% of the feet in a poem are triple, its effect is still similar, as opposed to having a feel of entirely disyllabic feet). Anapestic and dactylic are both this type of meter41
7446750328Trochaic meterA meter in which the majority of feet are trochees42
7446753687TrocheeA metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable (e.g. barter)43

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