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AP Literature Term Definitions Flashcards

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6754524476AlliterationThe repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to another.0
6754524477AllegoryA story in which the people, things, and events have another extended, frequently abstract, meaning. An examples is Orwell's "Animal Farm."1
6754527128AllusionA reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, myth, politics, sports, science, or popular culture.2
6754527129ApostropheA figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses aan absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding.3
6754527130AssonanceThe repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together, for example, face and fade.4
6754528918AnaphoraA repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases or sentences.5
6754528919BalladA song or songlike poem that tells a story: simple language with a great deal of repetition, usually a refrain-usually stories of tragedy, adventure, betrayal, revenge, and jealousy. An folk example is "Lord Randall," an literary example is Keat's "La Belle Dam sans Merci."6
6754528920Blank VersePoetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Examples are Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost, and Robert Frost's poem "Birches."7
6754530887CaesuraA pause or break within a line of poetry, usually indicated by the nature rhythm of language.8
6754530888CacophonyA harsh, discordant sound often mirroring the meaning of the context in which it is used. For example, "Grate on the scrannel pipes of wretched straw."9
6754530889CharacterAn individual in a story or play.10
6754533330ChicheAn expression that was fresh and apt when first coined but which is now so overused that it has become hackneyed and stale.11
6754533331ClimaxThe point of greatest emotional intensity or suspense in a plot.12
6754533332ConceitA fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things.13
6754535801Concrete PoetryA visual poetry composed exclusively for tht page in which a picture or image is made of printed letters and words; they usually rely on puns and cleverness.14
6754535802ConflictA struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces, or emotions-external or internal.15
6754535803ConnotationAll the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests.16
6754537720ConsonanceThe repetition of a final consonant sound after different vowel sounds; such as, dig and dog, or struts and frets.17
6754537721DenotationThe literal, dictionary definition of a word.18
6754537722DialectA way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or group of people: sometimes called a vernacular.19
6754711336DialogueConversation between two or more people.20
6754716470DidacticExplicitly instructive21
6754719320DictionA writer or speaker's choice of words.22
6754722205DigressionA section of a composition or speech that marks a temporary shift of subject; it ends when the writer or speaker returns to the main topic. They can be used intentionally as a stylistic rhetorical device.23
6754735448ElegyA poem that mourns the death of a person or laments something lost.24
6754739281EllipsisA literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out. It is usually written between the sentences as "..."25
6754750014End RhymeRhyme that occurs at the end of a line of poetry.26
6754753264EpicA long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society (The Odyssey).27
6754760558EpiphanyA moment of sudden insight or revelation that a character experiences.28
6754764533EpitaphAn inscription on a tombstone, or a commemorative poem written as if for that purpose.29
6754770858EpithetAn adjective or other descriptive phrase that is regularly used to characterize a person, place, or thing.30
6754779421EpigramA brief, clever, and usually memorable statement.31
6754785308EssayA short piece of nonfiction prose that examines a single subject from a limited point of view.32
6754789249EuphemismA figure of speech utilizing indirection to avoid offensive bluntness, such as "deceased" for "dead" or "remains" for "corpse."33
6754799007EuphonyThe harmonious effect when the sounds of words connect with the meaning in a way pleasing to the ear and mind.34
6754805505FlashbackA scene in a movie, play, short story, novel, or narrative poem that interrupts the present action of the plot to flash backward and tell what happened at an earlier time.35
6754813555FoilA character who sets off another character by strong contrast.36
6754817807ForeshadowingThe use of clues to hint at what is going to happen later in the plot.37
6754821740Frame StoryAn introductory narrative within which one or more of the characters proceeds to tell a story (Frankenstein).38
6754827894FormThe means by which a literary work expresses its content. It is used to describe the design of a poem.39
6754834006Free VersePoetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme. This poetry places a great emphasis on imagery.40
6754839595GothicA term used to describe literary works that contain primitive, medieval, wild, mysterious, or natural elements.41
6754846519GrotesqueCharacterization by distortion sor incongruities.42
6754850691Slant RhymeWords sound similar by do not rhyme exactly.43
6754854268HubrisThe pride of the tragic hero that leads him to ignore or overlook warning of impending disaster or to break moral laws.44
6754862821HyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or create a comic effect.45
6754869326Iambic PentameterA line of poetry made up of five iambs of metrical feet, or units of measurement.46
6754874354ImageryLanguage that appeals to the five senses of sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing.47
6754878684IronyA contrast between what appears to be ture and what really is true.48
6754881318Verbal IronyIrony that is contained in words; saying one thing but meaning another.49
6754885360Dramatic IronyA special kind of suspenseful irony or expectation when the audience or reader understands the implementation and meaning of a situation usually onstage and foresees an oncoming disaster or triumph but the character does not.50
6754897446Situational IronyIrony in which the discrepancy exists when something is about to happen to a character or characters who expect the opposite outcome.51
6754904831Internal RhymeRhyme that occurs within lines of poetry.52
6754910326AnastropheA literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect on emphasis or meter.53
6754918118LyricPoetry that focuses on expressing emotions or thoughts, rather than on telling a story.54
6754923426MalapropismA use of an incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical and humorous expression.55
6754930152MetaphorA figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without the use of the connective words like, as, than, or resembles.56
6754937599Metaphysical PoetryThe work of poets which employs elaborate conceits; such poetry is highly intellectual and expresses life's complexities.57
6754947433MeterA generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. It is measured in feet, or patterns of stress/unstressed sounds.58
6754954421MetonymyA figure of speech in which something closely relatred to a thing or suggested by it is subsitituted for the thing itself. The king is called "the crown."59
6754964777MoodThe atmosphere or feeling in a literary work60
6754967106NarrativeA story61
6754977013NaturalismA mode of work in which the writer applies total objectivity in his/her observations and treatment of life without idealizing, imposing value judgements, or avoiding the repulsive; in practive authors have distorted this objectivity by introducing excessively noble heroes and sensational incidents.62
6754991800Non SequiturLiterary devices which include the statements, sayings, and conclusions that do not follow the fundamental principles of logic and reason. They are frequently used in theater and comedies to create comedic effects.63
6755005255OctaveAn eight-line stanza or poem or the first eight lines of an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet.64
6755009620OdeA complex, generally long, lyric poem on a serious subject.65
6755013289OxymoronA figure of speech that combines apparently contradictory or incongruous ideas.66
6755018055ParableA short, allegorical story that teaches a moral or religious lesson about life.67
6755021833Parallel StructureThe repetition of a work of literature, art, or music for amusement or instruction and for comic effect.68
6755027609PastoralA type of poem that depicts rustic life in idyllic, idealized terms.69
6755031912PersonificationA kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human.70
6755038363Point of ViewThe vantage point from which a writer tells a story.71
6755042368ProseA form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of speech, and ordinary grammatical structure rather than rhythmic structure, such as in the case of traditional poetry.72
6755052605Prose PoetryPoetic langauage printed in prose paragraphs, but displaying the carful attention to sound, imagery, and figurative langauge characteristic of poetry.73
6755060404ProtagonistThe main character in fiction, drama, or narrative poetry.74
6755064953QuatrainA four-line stanze or poem, or a group of four lines unified by a rhyme scheme75
6755069777RefrainA reapeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines.76
6755073611RenaissanceSpecifically meaning "rebirth"; also, applied to the period between the medieval and the modern world.77
6755082284RepetitionA literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. There are several types of these commonly used in both prose and poetry.78
6755091269RhetoricThe art of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.79
6755094293Rhetorical QuestionA question asked for effect, not in expectation of a reply.80
6755098566Rhyme SchemeThe pattern of rhymed lines in a poem.81
6755101228RomanceA medieval verse narrative chronicling the adventures of a brave knight or other hero whomust undertake a quest and overcome great danger for love of a noble lady or high ideal.82
6755108663RomanticismThe depiction of idealized, fabulous, or fantastic characters and events; the stories abound in dashing, extravagant adventures, characters of extreme virtues or faults, exotic worlds, strong and inflexible loyalities, and idealized love.83
6755124876SarcasmA king of particularly cutting irony, in which praise is used tauntingly to indicate its opposite in meaning.84
6755130228SatireA kind of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform.85
6755136686SestetA six-line stanza or poem, or the last six lines of an Italian or Petrarchan sonnent.86
6755142227SettingBackground information for a story: time, place, information previous to the opening of a story.87
6755147733SimileA figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, as, than, or resembles.88
6755155989SonnetA fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes.89
6755163141SoliloquyA long speech in which a character who is usually alone onstage expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings.90
6755169037SpeakerThe imaginary voice, or persona, assumed by the author or a poem.91
6755172653Spenserian StanzaA nine-line stanza with the rhyme scheme "ababbcbbc."92
6755177936Stream of ConsciousnessA writing style that tries to depict the randon flow of thoughts, emotions, memories, and associations rushing through a character's mind.93
6755186442StanzaA group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit.94
6755193959SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of a thing stands for the whole, as in "lend a hand."95
6755197947SyntaxThe way in which words are arranged or put together to form phrases, causes, or sentences.96
6755205417SurrealismAn attempt to reproduce and interpret the visions and images of the unconscious mind as manfiested in dreams; characterized by an irrational arrangement of bizarre experiences.97
6755219284ThemeThe centralized idea, truth, or insight found in a work of literature.98
6755222578ToneThe attitude the writer takes toward the audience, the subject, or a character.99
6755227473TurnIt is the sestet to the octave in a Petrarchan sonnet where the answer or point to the previous question or problem is given, usually begins with "but" or "yet."100
6755238412TranscendentalismA form of romanticism, largely of a philosophical nature; sponsored by Americans such as Emerson and Thoreau.101
6755245603UnderstatementA figure of speech that consists of saying less than what is really meant, or saying something with less force than is appropriate.102
6755252370VillanelleA nineteen-line poem divided into five tercets (three-line stanzas), each with the rhyme scheme "aba" and a final quatrian with the rhyme scheme "abaa."103

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