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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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10479297005Allegorya narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one0
10479297847AllusionA reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history1
10479299215AnecdoteA short account of an interesting or humorous incident2
10479301045Artistic unityThat condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements work together for the achievement of its central purpose3
10479305180CacophonyA harsh, discordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds4
10479307291EuphonyA smooth, pleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds5
10479307591GenreA type or class, as poetry, drama, etc.6
10479309569ImageryThe representation through language and sensory experience7
10479336628MoodThe pervading impression of a work8
10479337377ProseNon-metrical language; the opposite of verse9
10479337977ToneThe writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or herself or himself; the emotional coloring, or emotional meaning, of a work10
10479341270VerseMetrical language; the opposite of prose11
10479343237VoiceThe distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or a character in a book12
10479346394Deuteragonistthe second most important character, after the protagonist, often a foil or eventual antagonist13
10479349831Direct presentation of characterA method of characterization in which the author, by exposition or analysis, tells us directly what a character is like, or has someone else in the story do so14
10479351666Dynamic characterA character who during the course of a story undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of character or outlook15
10479357806Flat characterA character whose character is summed up in one or two traits16
10479360055FoilA character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character17
10479362996HubrisOverbearing and excessive pride18
10479365386Indirect presentation of characterThat method of characterization in which the author shows us a character in action, compelling us to infer what the character is like from what is said or done by the character19
10479369139Round charactera character whose character is complex and many sided20
10479370776Static characterA character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as at the beginning21
10479373230Stock characterA stereotyped character22
10479374523AsideA brief speech in which a character turns from the person being addressed to speak directly to the audience; a dramatic device for letting the audience know what a character is really thinking or feeling as opposed to what the character pretends to think or feel23
10479379089DialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary24
10479381533EuphemismSubstituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for a harsh, blunt, or offensive one25
10479383554Figure of speechBroadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; more narrowly, a way of saying one thing and meaning another26
10479384584InvectiveDenunciatory or abusive language27
10479391254MonologueA dramatic soliloquy. A literary composition in such form28
10479391924ProverbA short, pithy saying that expresses a basic truth or practical precept29
10479396876SoliloquyA device often used in drama where by a character relates his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and to the audience without addressing any of the other characters.30
10479399974ExpositionThe part of a play (usually at the beginning) that provides the background information needed to understand the characters and the actions31
10479403214DenouementAlso called the resolution; the conclusion of the story. Conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis for them and the reader. Sometimes a hint as to the characters' future is given.32
10479415370Dramatic ironyAn incongruity or discrepancy between what a character says or thinks and what the reader knows to be true.33
10479418643Irony of situationA situation in which there is an incongruity between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment, or between the actual situation and what would seem appropriate.34
10479421386Verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant35
10479427643Epistolary novela novel written as a series of documents36
10479428684FlashfowardA literary device in which a later event is inserted into a narrative.37
10479431843FlashbackA literary device in which an earlier event is inserted into a narrative.38
10479433912In medias res(into the middle of things) is a Latin phrase denoting the literary and artistic narrative technique wherein the relation of a story begins either at the mid-point or at the conclusion, rather than at the beginning, establishing setting, character, and conflict via flashback and expository conversations.39
10479438804Limited omniscient point of viewThe author tells the story, using the third person, but is limited to a complete knowledge of one character in the story and tells us only what that one character thinks, feels, sees, or hears.40
10479458654Linear structurea plot that follows a straight-moving, cause and effect, chronological order41
10479461037Objective point of viewThe author tells the story, using the third person, but is limited to reporting what the charters say or do; the author does not interpret their behavior or tell us their private thoughts or feelings42
10479470137Omniscient point of viewThe author tells the story using the third person, knowing all and free to tell us anything, including what the characters are thinking or feeling and why they act as they do.43
10479472931Nonlinear structureis when the plot is presented in a non-casual order, with events presented in a random series jumping to and from the main plot with flashbacks or flashforwards; or in any other manner that is either not chronological or not cause and effect, for example, in medias res.44
10479479536Stream of consciousnessNarrative which presents the private thoughts of a character without commentary or interpretation by the author45
10479481205Unreliable narratora narrator whose credibility has been seriously compromised. Unreliable narrators are usually first-person narrators.46
10479486243AnticlimaxA sudden descent from the impressive or significant to the ludicrous or inconsequential47
10479486866CatastropheThe concluding action of a classical tragedy containing the resolution of the plot.48
10479489417Comic ReliefA humorous incident introduced into a serious literary work in order to relieve dramatic tension or heighten emotional impact49
10479491595DilemmaA situation in which a character must choose between two courses of action, both undesirable50
10479493059Deus ex machina(god from the machine) The resolution of a plot by use of a highly improbable chance or coincidence (so named from the practice of some Greek dramatists of having a god descend from heaven at the last possible minute to rescue the protagonist from an impossible situation).51
10479497607Indeterminate endingAn ending in which the central problem or conflict is left unresolved.52
10479505253Plot manipulationA situation in which an author gives the plot a twist or turn unjustified by preceding action or by the characters involved53
10479507820Plot deviceAn object, character, or event whose only reason for existing is to advance the story. Often breaks suspension of disbelief.54
10479589432PrologueAn introduction or a preface, esp. a poem recited to introduce a play55
10479590822Red Herringa literary tactic of diverting attention away from an item or person of significance56
10479593664Suspension of DisbeliefAn unspoken agreement between writer and reader: "I agree to believe your make-believe if it entertains me."57
10479596430Comedy of mannersComedy that ridicules the manners (way of life, social customs, etc.) of a certain segment of society58
10479597029SatireA kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice59
10479598350Scornful comedyA type of comedy whose main purpose is to expose and ridicule human folly, vanity, or hypocrisy60
10479600990Romantic comedyA type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties from which they are rescued at the end of the play61
10479601647FarceA type of comedy that relies on exaggeration, horseplay, and unrealistic or improbable situations to provoke laughter62
10479604296Escapist literatureLiterature written purely for entertainment, with little or no attempt to provide insights into the true nature of human life or behavior.63
10479611846FableA short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing animal characters that act like human beings64
10479616228Interpretive literatureLiterature that provides valid insights into the nature of human life or behavior65
10479619373Mythany story that attempts to explain how the world was created or why the world is the way that it is. Myths are stories that are passed on from generation to generation and normally involve religion. Most myths were first spread by oral tradition and then were written down in some literary form.66
10479629270Parablea simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson67
10479631753ApostropheA figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply68
10479632726EkpharsisThe poetic representation of a painting or sculpture in words69
10479633938Epigram(1)A short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation. (2) A concise, clever, often paradoxical statement.70
10479640260Extended figureA figure of speech (usually metaphor, simile, personification, or apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem71
10479642945SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole72
10479644223MetonymyA figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience73
10479645101Ballada narrative folk song. The ballad is traced back to the Middle Ages. Ballads were usually created by common people and passed orally due to the illiteracy of the time. Subjects for ballads include killings, feuds, important historical events, and rebellion.74
10479648578ElegyA type of literature defined as a song or poem, written in elegiac couplets, that expresses sorrow or lamentation, usually for one who has died.75
10479652987EpicA long poem in a lofty style about the exploits of heroic figures. These often come from an oral tradition of shared authorship or from a single, high-profile poet imitating style.76
10479655780Lyrica song-like poem written mainly to express the feelings of emotions or thought from a particular person, thus separating it from narrative poems. These poems are generally short, averaging roughly twelve to thirty lines, and rarely go beyond sixty lines. These poems express vivid imagination as well as emotion and all flow fairly concisely.77
10479656380Narrative poemA poem that tells a story. A narrative poem can come in many forms and styles, both complex and simple, short or long, as long as it tells a story. A few examples of a narrative poem are epics, ballads, and metrical romances.78
10479656955OdeUsually a lyric poem of moderate length, with a serious subject, an elevated style, and an elaborate stanza pattern. The ode often praises people, the arts of music and poetry, natural scenes, or abstract concepts.79
10479659463SonnetA fixed form of fourteen lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or approximating one of two main types—the Italian or the English80

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