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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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14525881683Allegorya story or poem in which characters, settings and events stand for other people or events or abstract ideas or qualities0
14525887516Alliterationrepetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together1
14525894306Allusionreference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something.2
14529990447Ambiguitydeliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way- - this is done on purpose by the author, when it is not done on purpose, it is vagueness, and detracts from the work.3
14529992525AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way4
14529995426AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.5
14530055172AnastropheInversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion.6
14530061645AnecdoteBrief story, told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something, often shows character of an individual7
14530070562AntagonistOpponent who struggles against or blocks the hero, or protagonist, in a story.8
14530074255Antimetoblerepetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order9
14530087533AntithesisBalancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure10
14530089805AntiheroCentral character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples.11
14530091694Anthropomorphismthe attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.12
14530100054AphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or accepted general truth.13
14530111338Apostrophecalling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea14
14530114273AppositionPlacing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first (often set off by a colon).15
14530118609Assonancethe repetition of similar vowels sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together16
14530137569Asyndetoncommas used without conjunction to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally17
14530263174BlalanceConstructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance. Sentences can be unbalanced to serve a special effect as well.18
14530267630Characterizationthe process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character19
14530268391indirect characterizationthe author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character's private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the characters effect on other people (showing how other characters feel or behave toward the character), or by showing the character in action. Common in modern literature20
14530278909direct characterizationthe author tells us directly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.21
14530293908static characteris one who does not change much in the course of a story.22
14530294540dynamic characteris one who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action.23
14530308755flat characterhas only one or two personality traits. They are one dimensional, like a piece of cardboard. They can be summed up in one phrase.24
14530311709round characterhas more dimensions to their personalities---they are complex, just a real people are.25
14530314115ChiamusIn poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed.26
14530316629clicheis a word or phrase, often a figure of speech, that has become lifeless because of overuse.27
14530333847Colloquialisma word or phrase in everyday use in conversation and informal writing but is inappropriate for formal situation .28
14530346829comedyin general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character of characters.29
14530351107Concietan elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different. Often an extend a metaphor.30
14530358519Confessional Poetrya twentieth century term used to describe poetry that uses intimate material from the poet's life.31
14530392743Conflictthe struggle between opposing forces or characters in a story32
14530395602external conflictconflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine or between a person a whole society.33
14530400920internal conflicta conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind.34
14530401935Connotationthe associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition35
14530402661Couplettwo consecutive rhyming lines of poetry36
14530403793Dialecta way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain social group or of the inhabitants of a certain geographical area37
14530406901Dictiona speaker or writer's choice of words38
14530407667didacticform of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking39
14530417000elegya poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died40
14530418938Epanalepsisdevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence. Voltaire: "Common sense is not so common."41
14530420323EpicA long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society42
14530432636Epigrapha quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme.43
14530448609EpistropheDevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (it is the opposite of anaphora).44
14530452950Epithetan adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality45
14530455040essaya short piece of nonfiction prose in which the writer discusses some aspect of a subject46
14530477470Argumentationone of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals (logos, ethos, pathos) to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way.47
14530492706Persuasionrelies more on emotional appeals than on facts48
14530529584argumentform of persuasion that appeals to reason instead of emotion to convince an audience to think or act in a certain way49
14530532566casual relationshipForm of argumentation in which the writer claims that one thing results from another, often used as part of a logical argument.50
14530601794descriptiona form of discourse that uses the language to create a mood or emotion.51
14530764346Expositionone of the four major forms of discourse, in which something is explained or "set forth"52
14530765504Narrativethe form of discourage that tells about a series of events.53
14530771285Explicationact of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.54
14530774164Fablea very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches a practical lesson about how to succeed in life.55
14530810009farcea type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations56
14530820683figurative languageWords which are inaccurate if interpreted literally, but are used to describe. Similes and metaphors are common forms.57
14530826322FlashbackA scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time58
14530848283FoilA character who acts as a contrast to another character. Often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting59
14530932915Forshadowingthe use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in the plot60
14530933918free versePoetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme61
14530934534HyperboleA figure of speech that uses incredible exaggeration or overstatement, for effect.62
14530941313Hypoacticsentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them.63
14530946229Imagerythe use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience64
14530948245Inversionthe reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase65
14530954813Ironya discrepancy between appearances and reality66
14530981955verbal ironyoccurs when someone says one thing but really means something else67
14530982483situational ironytakes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen.68
14530984407dramatic ironyis so called because it is often used on stage. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better.69
14530984977Juxtapositionpoetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit70
14530987386Litotesis a form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form.71
14530991480local colora term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape.72
14530992573loose sentenceone in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units73
14530994107lyric poema poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker74
14530995270Metaphora figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of like, as, than, or resemble.75
14531003558implied metaphordoes not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison76
14531005241Extened Metaphoris a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it.77
14531302813dead metaphoris a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid: "The head of the house", "the seat of the government", "a knotty problem" are all dead metaphors.78
14531307050mixed metaphorfigure of speech in which two or more unrelated things are compared and combined (running on empty, the soccer player plowed through the match)79
14531315412MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it80
14531317010MoodAn atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected.81
14535789218MotifA recurring theme, subject, idea, image, or a situation used throughout a work.82
14536015475Motivationthe reasons for a character's behavior83
14536017167Onomatopoeiathe use of words whose sounds echo their sense84
14536018707OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.85
14536054795Parablea relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life.86
14536055461ParadoxA statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth87
14536056580Koanis a paradox used in Zen Buddhism to gain intuitive knowledge.88
14536060447parallel structure (parallelism)the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures89
14536062847Paratactic Sentencesimply juxtaposes clauses or sentences. I am tired: it is hot.90
14536066817Paradoya work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writers style.91
14536070749periodicSentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements.92
14536075260PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes93
14536075261Plotthe series of related events in a story or play, sometimes called the storyline.94
14536091120rising actioncomplications in conflict and situations (may introduce new ones as well)95
14536152065Climaxthat point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point"96
14536163323Resolutionthe conclusion of a story, when all or most of the conflicts have been settled; often called the denouement.97
14536166193point of viewthe vantage point from which a story is told98
14536169878first person point of viewone of the characters tells the story99
14536171302third person point of viewan unknown narrator, tells the story, but this narrator zooms in to focus on the thoughts and feelings of only one character.100
14536177423omniscient point of view101
14541476628lpok,.102

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