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AP Literature Terms to Know Flashcards

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2808513863AllusionA brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.0
2808514242Anti-herothe character upon whom the resolution of the story depends and who demonstrates negative qualities one would not like to emulate1
2851136650Protagonist vs. AntagonistMain character vs opposing force A protagonist is the main character in a drama. The antagonist is the main character's chief opponent.2
2851137317AnagnorisisRecognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity3
2851137852Ad Deus Absconditus4
2851146315False AnalogyWhen two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.5
2851146817CatharsisEmotional release6
2851147880Antimetabole/ chiasmusLike yoda talks, "to the town went she"7
2851138972AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way8
2851138973AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof.9
2851140030ClichéA worn-out idea or overused expression10
2861501218External conflictsCan occur 1.) between two characters, 2.) between a character and society, or 3) between a character and nature.11
2851141352Internal ConflictsOne which a character struggles against his or her self12
2851141353Connotation vs. DenotationConnotation: how you feel (Care) about the word vs Denotation: Dictionary Definition13
2851143193Deductive vs. Inductive reasoningDeductive is definite; inductive is iffy. More common but less correct: Deductive is general to specific; inductive is specific to general.14
2851144136DialogueConversation between characters15
2851148514DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words16
2851148979DidacticInstructive17
2877518522pathosAppeal to emotion18
2877518523logosAppeal to logic19
2851135290Figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apotrophe hyperbole irony metaphor oxymoron paradox personification simile syneddoche understatement20
2851150437Figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.21
2851135289ethosCredibility22
2851151318ForeshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.23
2851151977HyperbolePURPOSEFUL EXAGGERATION FOR EFFECT24
2851152819IdiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.25
2851152820ImageryLanguage that appeals to the senses26
2851153747Irony (dramatic, verbal, situational)27
2851153748MetaphorA comparison without using like or as28
2851154562asyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.29
2851155407OnomatopoeiaFORMATION OR USE OF WORDS THAT IMITATE SOUNDS OF THE ACTIONS THEY REFER TO EX: BANG! POW!30
2851155408Overstatementhyperbole31
2851157127OxymoronA figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms Ex: Jumbo Shrimp32
2851157128ParableA simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson33
2851157661ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.34
2851158309PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes35
2851158877Anthropomorphismthe attribution of human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects36
2851158878Plot sequencethe order in which the events in the story are told37
2851159840SatireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.38
2851160459EpitaphA brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone39
2851160870Ambiguityuncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language40
2851160871AphorismA concise statement of a truth or principle41
2851164187Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing42
2851164188Euphemismless offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant43
2851165931Ad hominema fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute44
2851165932AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.45
2851167138AntithesisDirect opposite46
2851167139ExplicationThe interpretation or analysis of a text.47
2851167638EpithetA descriptive name or phrase used to characterize someone or something48
2851168436InferenceA conclusion one can draw from the presented details.49
2851168437Dilemmapuzzling situation50
2851169391Jargonnonsensical talk; specialized language51
2851169392MotifA recurring theme, subject or idea52
2851170320Stream of consciousnessa style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind53
2851170321Enigmaa puzzle; a mystery54
2877492407descriptive detailGraphic, exact, and accurate presentation of the characteristics of a person, place, or thing.55
2851171120Concrete detailA highly specific, particular, often real, actual, or tangible detail; the opposite of abstract.56
2851171121AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.57
2851171860GenreA category or type of literature (or of art, music, etc.) characterized by a particular form, style, or content.58
2851171861DenouementOUTCOME; UNRAVELING OF THE PLOT OF A PLAY OR WORK OF LITERATURE59
2851173124RealismArt style which tried to depict life as it really was.60
2851173125ArchetypeA very typical example of a certain person or thing, that most people know61
2851173847MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it62
2851173848PseudonymFAKE NAME63
2851174478Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt64
2851174479Utopian novela novel that presents an ideal society where the problems of poverty, greed, crime, and so forth have been eliminated65
2851175361Faulty logicdoesn't follow a logical sequence66
2851175978Common knowledgeCan be used in the same manner as your own personal knowledge and experiences; there is no need to acknowledge the source67
2851175979Synthesizecombine parts or pieces into a whole68
2851177080AnalyzeBreak down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure69
2851177081Double entendrea statement that has two meanings, one of which is dirty or vulgar70
2851177646AllegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions71
2851178103OvergeneralizationOverly broad view of the objects or events that a concept includes.72
2851178854SettingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.73
2851178855ThemeCentral idea of a work of literature74
2851179588ToneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization.75
2851179589AnaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.76
2851180223AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds77
2851180224AssonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity78
2851180872RepetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis79
2851181819Parallelism (parallel structure)Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses80
2851183521SimileA comparison using "like" or "as"81
2851183522Slanginformal language82
2851184292Style (a writer's)How a writer expresses their writing in their own way.83
2851185391ConundrumRIDDLE; PUZZLE WITH NO SOLUTION84
2851185392Circumlocutionan indirect way of expressing something85
2851186713PunA play on words A humorous play on words86
2851187504SymbolA thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.87
2851187505SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.88
2851190465Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.89
2851191769Voice (in writing)the personality and distinct way of " talking on paper" that allows the writer to "hear" a human personality in a piece of writing.90
2851192553active vs. passive voiceThe opposite of active voice; in the passive voice something happens to someone: Mordred was bitten by the dog, rather than the active form The dig bit Mordred.91
2851192554Attention getterthe first element of an introduction, designed mainly to create interest in the speech92
2861530209dependent clausethis clause contains a noun and a verb but is set up with a subordinate conjunction, which makes the clause an incomplete thought93
2861529535introductory clausegroups of words before the main part of the sentence usually set apart by commas94
2856361442independent clauseexpresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.95
2877466257simple sentenceone independent clause96
2877466258compound sentenceA sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions.97
2877467556complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause98
2877468024compound complex sentenceA combination of a compound and a complex sentence. Ex: Because the swamp is near you back door, you might expect the Creature from the Black Lagoon to put in an appearance and tear apart Uncle Al's fishin' shack if it is in his way.99
2856362301Ellipsisin a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods100
2856363112FragmentA word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence101
2856363113Parentheses (Rhetorical term)Billy-bob, a great singer, was not a good dancer. The phrase "a great singer", set off by commas, is both an appositive and a parenthesis.102
2877474436infinitive phrasean infinitive and all the words that modify and/or complete it103
2877475392gerunda verb ending in 'ing' to serve as a noun - 'Stabbing (used as a noun) is what i do said the thief.'104
2877475393participleA verb form that can be used as an adjective105
2877475715appositive phraseConsists of an appositive and its modifiers.106
2856363966Run-on sentencemade up of two or more sentences that are incorrectly run together as a single sentence107
2856365153semicolon vs. colonJoining of 2 or more similar thought; starting a different thought or list.108
2856365799TransitionA change from one state or condition to another109
2856366794Thesis statement/claima statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay110
2856367486Topic SentenceA sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.111
2856368185Rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer112
2856369416JuxtaposeTo place side by side113
2856369417CacophonyHarsh sounds114
2856370214DiatribeBITTER VERBAL ATTACK115
2856370215Epistrophethe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences116
2856371690redundantNeedlessly repetitive117
2856372462anachronismsomething or someone out of place in terms of historical or chronological context118
2856373256characterization (direct and indirect)the process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed by the use of descriptive adjectives, phrases, or epithets.119
2856374219travestyExaggerated, debased, or grotesque imitation120
2856374970parodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.121
2856375741farcea play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham122
2856375742knaves and foolsin comedy there are no villains and no innocent victims. Instead, there are rogues (knaves) and suckers (fools). The knave exploits someone "asking for it". When these two interact, comic satire results. When knaves and fools meet, they expose each other.123
2856376756malapropisma word humorously misused124
2856376757literary meritThat quality of a story gives readers and actors a deeper understanding about the human condition and human spirit just through experiencing the story.125
2856377615hubrisExcessive pride or self-confidence126
2856377616dystopian novelAn anti-utopian novel where, instead of a paradise, everything has gone wrong in the attempt to create a perfect society127
2856378586epicA long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society128
2856380235epiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight129
2856380978acronyma word made up of the initials of other words A word formed from the first letter of each word in a series130
2856380979literary lensA different method or perspective of reading.131
2856382071flashbackA method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events132
2856383520moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader133
2856383521novelA long fictional narrative written in prose, usually having many characters and a strong plot.134
2856384508novellashort novel; longer than a short story135
2856385147personaAn individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.136
2856385148polysyndetonDeliberate use of many conjunctions137
2856386006euphonypleasant, harmonious sound138
2877514668Apostrophe (non grammatical)Where a person addresses a third person, or inanimate object.139
2856387248annotation(n.) a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work140
2856388505Subjective compliment (predicate adjective and nominative)a phrase or word that redefines the noun141
2856389814Parts of the Sentence (all)A set of terms for describing how people construct sentences from smaller pieces. There is not a direct correspondence between the parts of the sentence and the parts of speec142
2856389815Subordination and coordinationprinciples for organizing supporting materials143
2856390942Conventional(adj.) in line with accepted ideas or standards; trite144
2856390943Hamartiatragic flaw which causes a character's downfall145
2856391915ExistentialismA philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions146
2856391916Hedonismself indulgence; pleasure-seeking147
2856392632StructureDescribed in terms of stanza, form, and meter.148
2856393157Nostalgiaa sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations.149
2856393158Misplaced/Dangling Modifiersa word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies / describes.150
2856393784Reductio ad absurduma common form of argument which seeks to demonstrate that a statement is true by showing that a false, untenable, or absurd result follows from its denial, or in turn to demonstrate that a statement is false by showing that a false, untenable, or absurd result follows from its acceptance.151
2856393785Echolaliameaningless repetition of another person's spoken words as a symptom of psychiatric disorder.152
2856395662Incongruitythe state of being incongruous or out of keeping.153
2856395663Zeugmaa figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses154
2856396849Tragic heroThe protagonist of a story.155
2856397372Annotated bibliographyA bibliography that gives a brief summary of each entry.156
2856397373Credible sourcesSources that are very reliable and can be trusted.157
2856398313Parenthetical documentationCiting your source in the paragraph instead of having a footnote or endnote.158
2856399077MLAA format of writing, known as the Modern Language Association.159
2856399736Works Citeda list of sources that you have incorporated within your paper by using the ideas, information, and quotes of others.160
2856400323Dogmaa principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.161
2856401051Periodic sentenceA long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word162
2856402523Balanced sentenceA sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure.163

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