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AP Microeconomics: Unit 1 Flashcards

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7329294875Economicshow an individual in society experiences limitless wants, and chooses to allocate its limited resources to satisfy wants0
7329310189Efficiencyreceiving the maximum benefits from limited resources1
7329315422Equalitybenefits are distributed uniformly among society's members2
7329323216Opportunity Costwhat one sacrifices in order to obtain what one wants3
7329327704Rational PeoplePeople who do their best to achieve their objects with the available opportunities4
7329343898Marginal ChangeThe smaller decision/trade-off5
7329356343Incentivesomething that induces a person to act6
7329367323Market EconomyDecisions of individual producers and consumers largely determine what, how, and for whom to produce, with little government involvement in decisions7
7329374458Property RightsEstablish ownership and grant individuals the right to trade goods and services with each other8
7329394126Market FailureWhen a market is left on its own and fails to allocate resources efficiently9
7329469893ProductivityQuantity of goods and services produced from each unit of labor10
7329475657InflationAn increase in the overall level of prices in the economy11
7329483494Business CycleFluctuations in economic activity between economic downturns, recessions, and economics upturns known as expansions12
7329490900Traditional Economic SystemEconomic tasks are passed on from generation to generation13
7329497253Command Economic SystemGovernment answers each question14
7329500340Free Economic SystemThe producers and consumers answer economic questions15
7329504798Mixed Economic SystemProducers, consumers, and government answers economic questions16
7329558377ServiceSomething tangible which satisfies peoples needs17
7329577161ScarceLimited amount of a desired resource18
7329587719Four main resourcesLand, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship19
7329590754LandAnything that comes from the earth20
7329593912LaborPayment for salary and wages21
7329602857CapitalGoods that produce other goods for future use22
7329607623EntrepreneurshipBusiness risk and payment comes in the form of profit and loss23
7329618857EconomicsStudy of scarcity and individual choices24
7329646519Individual ChoiceDecisions by individuals about what to do25
7329651784EconomySystem for coordinating a society's productive and consumptive activities26
7329675441Command EconomyIndustry is publicly owned and a central authority makes production an consumption decisions27
7329716890Marginal AnalysisStudy of the costs and benefits of doing a little bit more of an activity vs. less28
7329722222MicroeconomicsStudy of how individuals make decisions and how those decisions interact29
7329728565MacroeconomicsConcerned with overall ups and downs in the economy30
7329735630Economic AggregatesEconomic measures that summarize data across many different markets31
7329741069Positive EconomicsObjective (non-opinionated) statements that while they may not be true, they CAN be TESTED32
7329743426Normative EconomicsSubjective statement that CAN'T BE TESTED33
7329771657DepressionVery deep and prolonged downturn34
7329774107Expansionperiods of economic upturns when output and employment are rising35
7329781039Employmentnumber of people employed in economy36
7329784394Unemploymentnumber of people who are actively looking for work, but aren't employed37
7329795383Outputquantity of goods and services produced38
7329799394Aggregate Outputeconomy's total production of goods and services for a given time period39
7329803951DeflationFalling overall price40
7329812867Price StabilityAggregate price level is changing only slowly41
7329818261Economic GrowthIncrease in the maximum amount of goods and services an economy can produce42
7329824866ModelSimplified representation used to better understand a real life situation43
7329831190Trade-offWhen you give up something in order to have something else44
7329855169Production Possibility Curve (PPF)illustrates the trade-offs facing an economy that produces only two goods.45
7329871476TechnologyTechnical means for the production of goods and services46
7329879906TradeProve good and services to others and receive goods and services in return47
7329885184Gains from tradeDividing tasks and trading, people can get more of what they want through trade than they could if they tried being self-sufficient48
7329919988Comparative AdvantageIn producing goods or services if the opportunity cost of producing that good or service is lower for that individual than others49
7329926901Absolute advantageProducing more of a good or service if they can make more of it with a given amount of time and resources50
7329935253Householdsperson or group of people who share income51
7329939628Firmorganization that produces and services for sale52
7329942863Product Marketgoods and services are brought or sold53
7329946337Factor Marketwhere resources, especially capital and labor, are bought and sold54
7329962717Consumer SpendingHouseholds spending money on goods and services55
7329965549StocksShare ownership of a company held by a shareholder56
7329969873Bondloans that pay interest57

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