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| 282314078 | Reform Movement | ... | |
| 282314079 | Revolution of 1800 | Phrase used by Jefferson (Republican) to describe his victory over John Adams. Jefferson considered himself the President of the Common Man. His vision for American was an America of independent farmers. Jefferson repealed excise and whiskey taxes. | |
| 282314080 | "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." | A quote of John Adams about the XYZ affair | |
| 282314081 | Sen. Charles Sumner | He was an unpopular senator from Mass., and a leading abolitionist. In 1856, he made an assault in the pro-slavery of South Carolina and the South in his coarse speech, "The Crime Against Kansas." The insult angered Congressmen Brooks of South Carolina. Brooks walked up to Sumner's desk and beat him unconscious. This violent incident helped touch off the war between the North and the South. | |
| 282314082 | Know Nothing Party | the new immigrants in the U.S. began to pose a threat to the "natives" because of their unknown languages and cultures. Some feared that the foreigners would outnumber them and eventually overrun the country. This hostility rekindled the spirit of European religious wars, resulting in clashes between the Protestants and Catholics. Some nativities formed this party in New York called the "Order of the Star Spangled Banner". The members refused to indentify themselves and would say they know nothing. They were an anti-Catholic group, until it subsided and slavery became the focal issue. Immigrants were helping to form the U.S. into one of the most ethnically and racially diverse societies in the history of the world. | |
| 282314083 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced england's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict. | |
| 282314084 | John Brown's Raid | In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed. | |
| 282314085 | Spoils system | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power | |
| 282314086 | kitchen cabinet | Jackson's group of unofficial advisors consisting of newspaper editors and Democratic leaders that met to discuss current issues. Jackson used the Kitchen Cabinet more than his official Cabinet. | |
| 282314087 | Nullification Crisis | Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void. | |
| 282314088 | "It is regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes." | Andrew Jackson said this regarding the Bank of the United States charter veto | |
| 282314089 | Impeachment of Andrew Johnson | 1868 violated the Tenure of Office Act, but really was because of his stubborn defiance of Congress on Reconstruction. Fell one vote short | |
| 282314090 | Mason-Dixon Line | The Mason and Dixon line was perceived as a divider between free and slave states before the Civil War. It was least important in the development of slavery in America. | |
| 282314091 | Jamestown Colony | First permanent English settlement in America. It was founded in 1607 fir the purpose of finding gold. Gold was never found, however. Jamestown became successful because of their cash crop, tobacco. | |
| 282314092 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. | |
| 282314093 | Mercantilism | an economic theory that believe the colonies should benefit the mother country | |
| 282314094 | Great Awakening | Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. | |
| 282314095 | Pontiac's Rebellion | 1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed. The rebellion was a reaction to the westward movement of English settlers. | |
| 282314096 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. | |
| 282314097 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | |
| 282314098 | Alien and Sedition Acts | These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts. | |
| 282314099 | War of 1812 | A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry. | |
| 282314100 | Hartford Convention | Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalists much influence. | |
| 282314101 | Erie Canal | It is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean It cut transport costs into what was then wilderness by about 90%. The Canal resulted in a massive population surge in western New York, and opened regions further west to increased settlement. It also tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming of the West. | |
| 282314102 | Era of Good Feelings | A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. | |
| 282314103 | Industrial Revolution | The transformation of the economy, the environment, and living conditions, occurring first in England in the eighteenth century, that resulted from the use of steam engines, the mechanization of manufacturing in factories, transit, and communications (599 | |
| 282314104 | Freedmen's Bureau | Agency created by Congress as the war ended to assist Civil War refugees and freed former slaves. | |
| 282314105 | Election of 1868 | War hero Ulysses Grant a Republican wins due to new half a million blacks who voted in their first election. | |
| 282459419 | The most popular reform movement that developed from the 1820s to the Civil War | Education | |
| 282459420 | Justice John Marshall's interpretations of the Constitution stressed the importance of | A strong central government | |
| 282459421 | Mountain people | In antebellum society, these people showed the least support for the institution of slavery. | |
| 282459422 | Gospel of Wealth | Justification for the vast differences between the rich and the poor in the late 19th century | |
| 282460985 | How did Europeans treat Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s? | As inferior people subject to Christian domination | |
| 282460986 | By the end of the 16th century, what was true of Spain's colonial empire? | It was controlled by a bureaucracy in Madrid The Roman Catholic church had great influence New universities were spreading education and culture Great wealth was being sent back to Spain | |
| 282460987 | The delay in founding English settlements in the Americas was the result of what? | Religious upheavals in England | |
| 282460988 | At the beginning of the 17th century, what factors served to increase the English role in America? | Defeat of the Spanish Armada Royal Leadership Development of joint-stock companies Emigration for religious reasons | |
| 282464816 | What were the feelings of American colonists in the 1770s before the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, about the policies of George III? | Except for a few radicals, they accepted his policies | |
| 282464817 | Thomas Paine's defended the idea of American independence on the grounds that ... | People should not pledge allegiance to a king and corrupt government | |
| 282464818 | What was the effect of the Revolutionary War on aristocratic privileges? | They were reduced or eliminated | |
| 282464819 | What factors contributed to dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation? | A farmers revolt in Massachusetts against the collection of state taxes States refusing to honor the Treaty of Paris worthless paper money printed by many states States restricting trade with one another | |
| 282464820 | Why did Federalists promise to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? | To persuade state convention to ratify the Constitution. | |
| 282508768 | What were the changes in the American economy in the 1820s? | Improved transportation in the west, industrialization in the North | |
| 282508769 | The Industrial Revolution in the US was supported by development in these areas | The factory system Transportation Corporations Mechanical inventions | |
| 282508770 | What was true of immigration in the 1830s and 1840s? | Most immigrants came from the British Isles and northern Europe Improvements in ship technology made the Ocean voyage relatively cheap and fast The South attracted the least number of immigrants Poorer immigrants lived in the cities while those with some money farmed in the West | |
| 282508771 | Jacksonian Democrats favored these ... | Rotation in office Universal suffrage for white males Rewarding political supporters with government jobs Presidential electors being chosen by popular vote | |
| 282508772 | Who were supporters of the Whig Party? | Supporters of Clay's American system Westerners who wanted federal funds for internal improvements Reformers concerned about immorality and vice Advocates of a national bank | |
| 282508773 | These things contributed to the conflict between Mexico's government and settlers in Texas in the early 1830s | The collection of import duties Mexico's decision to abolish slavery in its territory Mexico's law requiring acceptance to the Catholic faith The coming to power of General Santa Anna | |
| 282508774 | The Freedmen's Bureau provided all of the following ... | Food, shelter, and medial aid for victims of war Resettlement of some freed slaves on confiscated lands Schools to promote literacy among blacks Colleges for blacks | |
| 282508775 | Congressional reconstruction provided the following to African Americans ... | Guarantee of US citizenship Equal protection of the laws Protection of voting rights Equal access to public accommodations | |
| 282508776 | An analysis of the election of 1868 best supports the conclusion that | Republican victory depended on the votes of African Americans |
