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AP Midterm Flashcards

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5702973054ToneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.0
5702975750Cause and EffectA relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another1
5702978362Compare and ContrastWhen you compare two things, you say how they are similar, and when you contrast, you say how the two things are different.2
5702988612Problem and SolutionIn composition, a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions.3
5703003464Sequential Orderin order of events or time; often needed in "how to" essays; a step by step approach4
5703026815NarrativeA spoken or written account of connected events A rhetorical strategy that recounts a sequence of events, usually in chronological order.5
5703038565ThemeCentral idea of a work of literature6
5703042872Parallel Structurerepetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.7
5703054755Central Claimthe main point of which you seek to convince the audience8
5703069980DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words9
5703069981SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.10
5703073564symbolismA person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well11
5703076042litotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.12
5703076043hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor13
5703082959simileA comparison using "like" or "as"14
5703082960metaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.15
5703087582imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)16
5703092031RepetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis17
5703092032unstated assumptionWhen the idea behind the product or service being advertised is repeatedly implied but never stated explicitly.18
5703096011main ideawhat a piece of writing is mainly about19
5703099404assonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity20
5703099405personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes21
5703111094anaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.22
5703115183ironyA contrast between expectation and reality23
5703118603paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.24
5703123386bandwagonA fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.25
5703123399quoting expertstestimony of authorities26
5703126961citing statisticsusing data to establish logos27
5703133256frightening the readerScare tactics28
5703135893allusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion.29
5703140906extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.30
5703145595figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.31
5703151004idiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.32
5703159004metonymyA figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").33
5703178082onomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.34
5703187057synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa35
5703192429ethosCredibility36
5703195998logosAppeal to logic37
5703199519pathosAppeal to emotion38
5703203198rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle).39

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