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AP Physics 1 Flashcards

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6693307429Motion Equation (constant acceleration) Only velocity and acceleration*speed up or slow down *acceleration is how quickly velocity changes0
6693307430Motion Equation (constant acceleration) no final velocity given*speed up or slow down *most often used for projectile motion1
6693307431Motion Equation (constant acceleration) no time given*speed up or slow down m/s m m/s/s2
6693307432Motion Equation (constant acceleration) no acceleration given*speed up or slow down meters m/s seconds3
6693307433Newton's Second Law*vector addition *right-left=ma or up-down=ma ***one of the above equations acceleration=0 *****watch direction for a***** *mass is measured in kg4
6693307434Newton's 3 Laws3rd law means forces are equal and opposite5
6693307435Weight*depends on location and planet * Force is weight measured in Newtons *mass is m measured in kg *g is acceleration due to gravity (9.8 for Earth)6
6693307436Force of static Friction*from freebody diagram *Normal comes from up-down=ma equation *Newtons *coefficient is unitless7
6693307437Force of kinetic friction*depends on materials and normal force acting on object *Normal comes from up-down=ma equation *Newtons *coefficient is unitless8
6693307438Work*carrying a book across a room is not work *to do work the force must be parallel to displacement *friction does negative work Joules9
6693307439Work-Energy Theorem*Work is the change of kinetic energy *object speeding up or slowing down *option to Newton's 2nd Law approach Joules10
6693307440Hooke's Law (springs)F= force stretching or compressing a spring(N) k= spring constant/force constant (N/m) x= how much spring is stretched or compressed (m) *F=ma11
6693307441Elastic Potential Energy for a springU= potential energy (Joules) k= spring constant / force constant (N/m) x= how much spring is stretched or compressed (m) *Use in conservation of energy U+K=U+K12
6693307442Gravitational Potential EnergyU= potential energy (Joules) m= mass (kg) g=acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 Earth) y= vertical position from bottom (not ground) *swinging objects *roller coasters *used in conservation of energy U+K=U+K13
6693307443Conservation of Mechanical energy*one object *use for swinging objects, springs, roller coasters *potential loss is kinetic gained14
6693307444conservation of energy with frictionObject moving with friction *energy at one time = energy at later time + work done by friction U+K=U+K+W15
6693307445Powerrate of energy change Watts16
6693307446energy from powerEnergy= power * time Joules17
6693307447radial/ centripetal accelerationchange direction acceleration m/s/s18
6693307448total accelerationno angular acceleration m/s/s *object speeding up/slowing down and turning19
6693307449linear/tangential velocity for circular motionT is period= time for one complete circle x=vt where x is circumference m/s20
6693307450conversion for linear and angular velocityv=velocity (m/s) w=angular velocity (rad/s) r= radius (m)21
6693307451conversion for linear and angular accelerationa= acceleration m/s/s alpha= angular acceleration rad/s/s r= radius (m)22
6693307452angular momentum (something going in a circle like a spinning ice skater)L= angular momentum kgm^2/s I= rotational inertia kgm^2 w=angular velocity rad/s *when ice skater brings arms in I decreases which increases w23
6693307453net torque for systemtorque (Nm) I= rotational inertia (kgm^2) angular acceleration (rad/s/s) *object like a see saw speeding up or slowing down but going in a circle24
6693307454Rotational Kinetic energy*object turning like a spinning wheel K= kinetic energy (joules) I= rotational inertia (kgm^2) w= angular velocity (rad/s)25
6693307455Universal Gravitational Potential Energyobject with a planet U= potential energy (Joules) G=6.67x10^-11 r=distance center to center (m) m=mass (kg)26
6693307456acceleration due to gravityg= m/s/s acceleration due to gravity M = Mass of planet (kg) r = distance from the center of the plant to object location (m)27
6693307457position as a function of time for simple harmonic motion (mass on spring)RADIAN MODE x=position (meters) A= amplitude (meters) f=frequency (Hz)28
6693307458angular frequency for mass on springw = angular frequency (rad/s) k=spring/force constant (N/m) m= mass (kg)29
6693307459frequency for simple harmonic motionf=frequency (Hz) T=period (s) w=angular frequency (rad/s) *use parenthesis in calculator30
6693307460Period of a mass on a spring*doesn't change if you go to a different planet *period is time for one complete cycle *use parenthesis in calculator T= period (s) m= mass (kg) k= spring/force constant (N/m)31
6693307461Period of an simple pendulum*depends on planet/ location *period is time for one complete cycle (s) *L is length of string (m) *g is 9.8 for Earth32
6693307462momentumvector! Watch sign for VELOCITY33
6693307463impulsevector! change of direction means double the impulse WATCH SIGN for VELOCITY34
6693307464kinetic energyscalar, never negative if you are moving you have kinetic energy35
6693307465constant angular velocityw= angular velocity (rad/s) angular displacement (rad)36
6693307466universal law of gravitationF = force (equal and opposite on masses) G=6.67x10^-11 m = mass (kg) r = distance center to center (m) Force = mg or ma or mv^2/r37
6693307467Coulomb's Law (force between charges)F= force equal and opposite on charges (N) k=9x10^9 q=charge (C) r = distance center to center *opposite signs attract *like signs repel38
6693307468current*direction is from positive side of battery towards negative sign of battery I= current (Amps) q= charge (C) t = time *flow of charge through a cross sectional area of wire *equal in series (one pipe=one current)39
6693307469resistanceR= resistance (ohms) resistivity (ohm meters) L=length (m) A= cross-sectional area (circle for wires) (m^2) *Longer the wire the more the resistance *the greater the area the smaller the resistance40
6693307470powerrate of energy dissipated by resistor or rate of energy converted by battery *P= power (watts) *I= current (amps) *V= electric potential difference (volts)41
6712577435VoltageThe ratio of energy gained or lost per unit charge Ue/q42
6693307471resistors in serieslonger means increased resistance *one path/ one pipe/ one *current is equal *voltage adds up43
6693307472resistors in parallel*multiple paths/ more pipes/two finger rule *voltage is equal *current adds up44
6693307473adding resistors in series and parallel45
6693307474wave speedv= wave speed (m/s) f=frequency (Hz) wavelength (m) *deceiving equation , wave speed only depends on medium46
6693307475slope of a position vs time graphv=x/t velocity47
6693307476slope of a velocity vs time grapha= change of v/time acceleration48
6693307477area of a velocity vs time graphx=vt displacement49
6693307478slope of a force vs acceleration graphm=F/a mass50
6693307479area of a force vs time graphFt= impulse= change of momentum51
6693307480area of a force vs displacement graphFx=work= change of kinetic energy52
6693307481slope of a force vs stretch graphk=F/x spring constant or force constant53
6693307482force of frictionanother force for freebody Normal comes from freebody54
6693307483Newton's 2nd Law Practicesplit tension Fcos (angle)- f =ma N +Fsin(angle)-mg=055
6693307484conservation of momentumuse for collisions momentum before + momentum before = momentum after +momentum after56
6693307485Elastic collisions*conserve momentum and kinetic energy *magnetic bumpers with carts57
6693307486Inelastic collisions*This is what you assume unless told otherwise *conserve momentum not kinetic energy *objects do not have to stick together58
6693307487completely inelastic collisions*conserve momentum only *objects stick together *Velcro with carts59
6693307488angular displacementradians rad/s rad/s/s60
6693307489speeding up/slowing down angular velocityrad/s rad/s/s61
6693307490torque (twisting force)*See Saw/ levers *demo with trying to hold up bar with hanging masses torque (Nm) r is distance from pivot point to force (m) force must be perpendicular (N)62
6693307491change of angular momentumchange of angular momentum (kgm^2/s) torque (Nm) time (s) *if there is a torque object speeds up or slows down which changes its angular momentum63
6693307492horizontal projectile motioninitial velocity = zero a=-9.8 displacement is negative64
6693307493projectile motion at an angle*split initial velocity into sin and cos *vsin is for vertical constant acceleration equations *vcos is for horizontal constant velocity equation x=vt65
6693307494densitydensity (kg/m^3) mass (kg) Volume (m^3)66
6693307495periodperiod is time for one complete cycle/circle w= angular velocity/frequency (rad/s) f= frequency (Hz)67
6693307496Ohm's LawI= current (A)....flow V= electric potential difference (Volts)....push R= resistance (ohm's law)... fight *the more the push the more the flow * the more the fight, the less the flow68
6693307497slope of a voltage vs resistance graphcurrent69
6693307498slopedivide axis and find equation for meaning70
6693307499area*multiply axis for meaning *area under x-axis is negative *shading is from the x-axis up and from the x-axis down71
6693307500Newton's 2nd Law - Pulley Systemup-down=ma T-W=ma T-.9(9.8)=.9a T-.6(9.8)=.6(-a)72
6693307501Newton's 2nd law- incline planeN-mgcos(angle)=0 T-mgsin(angle)=ma T-mg=m(-a)73
6693307502Newton's 2nd law Vertical Circular MotionN-mg=mv^2/r74
6693307503projectile motion*force = weight (down whole time) *acceleration (down -9.8 m/s/s) *horizontal motion constant velocity x=vt *at P only horizontal velocity *at P vertical velocity is negative75
6693307504Newton's 2nd law -modified atwoodN-mg=0 T=4a T-2g=2(-a)76
6693307505Freebody for incline planeonly C and E correct C is at rest or moving down incline E is being accelerated up incline77
6693307506Soundcompressional / longitudinal wave *fastest in solids *cannot go through a vaccuum78
6693307507conservation of angular momentum79
6693307508torque80
6693307509Coulomb's Law81
6693307510Hooke's Law82
6693307511Ohm's law visual83
6693307512centripetal force*Net force towards center of circle Moon around earth it is gravity car going around curve friction84
6693307513no centripetal forceno centripetal force object moves straight... no longer turns85
6693314291Fraction of a wavelength that resonates an open pipe or string1/2, 1, 3/2, 2 .........86
6693317243Fraction of a wavelength that resonates a closed pipe1/4, 3/4, 5/4, .........87
6693328697Fundamental Frequency of an open pipe or stringf = v/2L88
6693345530Fundamental Frequency of a closed pipef = v/4L89

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