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| 7900037611 | Action Potential | Occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Caused when different ions cross the neuron membrane. A stimulus first causes sodium chemicals to open. | 0 | |
| 7900040870 | Adrenal glands | They are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. |  | 1 |
| 7923311923 | Sensory neuron | Function: Nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses. Location: The cell bodies of the sensory neurons leading to the spinal cord are located in clusters, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), next to the spinal cord. |  | 2 |
| 7923317296 | Agonists | A substance that binds to a specific receptor and triggers a response in the cell. | 3 | |
| 7923317297 | All-or-none | How your nerve cells function. they either respond to a stimulus completely or not at all; there is no in between. | 4 | |
| 7923330428 | Amygdala | There are two amygdalae per person normally, with one amygdala on each side of the brain. They are thought to be a part of the limbic system within the brain, which is responsible for emotions, survival instincts, and memory. |  | 5 |
| 7923333385 | Antagonists | Attach to the receptors in the brain and block the effect of agonists which are chemicals that stimulate receptors and cause a response. | 6 | |
| 7923335492 | Association areas | An area of the cerebral cortex that functions in linking and coordinating the sensory and motor areas. | 7 | |
| 7923344167 | ADHD | Is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by a combination of inattentiveness, distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. | 8 | |
| 7923346905 | Autonomic nervous system | Regulates a variety of body process that take place without conscious effort. Purpose: responsible for regulating involuntary body functions such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing and digestion. | 9 | |
| 7923350924 | Axon | Is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands. |  | 10 |
| 7923360076 | Brainstem | Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy. |  | 11 |
| 7923363812 | Broca's aphasia | The inability to understand speech or to produce fluent and coherent speech. Broca's aphasia, also known as motor aphasia, is a specific speech and language problem. It is characterized by the inability to form complete sentences. |  | 12 |
| 7923367219 | Central nervous system | The comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives sensory information from the nervous system and controls the body's responses. |  | 13 |
| 7923367220 | Cerebellum | Receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity. |  | 14 |
| 7923370373 | Cerebrum | The large rounded structure of the brain occupying most of the cranial cavity, divided into two cerebral hemispheres that are joined at the bottom by the corpus callosum. It controls and integrates motor, sensory, and higher mental functions, such as thought, reason, emotion, and memory. |  | 15 |
| 7923395208 | Corpus callosum | Located near the center of the brain, this structure is the largest bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, much like a bridge. |  | 16 |
| 7923395209 | Cortex | The cerebral cortex is the most important part of our brain because it is what makes us human. The cerebral cortex sometimes referred to as called "gray matter". |  | 17 |
| 7923406868 | Dendrites | The structure on the neuron that receives electrical messages. These messages come into two basic forms: excitatory and inhibitory. | 18 | |
| 7923406869 | Dopamine | a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. | 19 | |
| 7923412043 | Motor neuron | A neuron whose cell body is located in the spinal cord and whose fiber (axon) projects outside the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. | 20 | |
| 7923414167 | Endocrine glands | Glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. |  | 21 |
| 7923416252 | Endorphin | Among the brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which function to transmit electrical signals within the nervous system. ... Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs | 22 | |
| 7924364425 | Excitatory synapse | An action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell. | 23 | |
| 7924379362 | Frontal lobes | Involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior. |  | 24 |
| 7924381657 | Glial cells | To surround neurons and hold them in place. To supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons. To insulate one neuron from another. | 25 | |
| 7924381658 | Gonads | The function of the gonads is to produce gametes for reproduction and secrete sex hormones. Males have: testes and women's have ovaries. |  | 26 |
| 7924387489 | Hippocampus | Is a part of the limbic system. The hippocampus itself is highly involved with our memories. |  | 27 |
| 7924391967 | Hormones | Are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of the body the target site. In essence, hormones serve as messengers, controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body. |  | 28 |
| 7924400331 | Hypothalmus | A small portion of the brain, located just above the brainstem. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and also regulates homeostasis thunger, thirst, body temperature, and the like. |  | 29 |
| 7924403190 | Inhibitory synapse | A kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential. | 30 | |
| 7924406716 | Interneuron | The communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system. They have been found to function in reflexes, neuronal oscillations, and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. |  | 31 |
| 7924410549 | Lesioning | Damage to body tissue any tissue in your body. When lesions occur in the brain they can cause serious problems or changes to brain functioning. | 32 | |
| 7924416286 | Limbic system | A set of brain structures located at the border of the cortex and responsible for a variety of functions. One of the chief responsibilities for the limbic system is survival and another is memory and storage. | 33 | |
| 7924416287 | Medulla | Helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. This part of the brain is a center for respiration and circulation. Sensory and motor neurons from the forebrain and midbrain travel through the medulla. | 34 | |
| 7924419900 | MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging. A medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease | 35 | |
| 7924419901 | Myelin | To increase the speed at which impulses propagate along the myelinated fiber. | 36 | |
| 7924423269 | Nerves | One or more bundles of fibers forming part of a system that conveys impulses of sensation, motion, between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. | 37 | |
| 7924423270 | Nervous system | Comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives sensory information from the nervous system and controls the body's responses. | 38 | |
| 7924428008 | Neurons | The specialized cell in the nervous system system that receives and sends messages within the system. | 39 | |
| 7924432594 | Neuronplasticity | The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. | 40 | |
| 7924438182 | Neuroscience | A branch of the life science that deals with the structure and functioning of the brain and the neurons, nerves, nervous tissue. | 41 | |
| 7924442049 | Neurotransmitter | A Neuron is a specialized nerve cell that receives, processes, and transmits information to other cells in the body. | 42 | |
| 7924445689 | Occipital lobes | The visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. | 43 | |
| 7924445690 | Ovaries | Have two main reproductive functions in the body. They produce oocytes eggs for fertilisation and they produce the reproductive hormones. | 44 | |
| 7924449019 | Pancreas | An organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar. | 45 | |
| 7924459725 | Parasympathetic division | A useful acronym to summarize the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system is SLUDD salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defecation. | 46 | |
| 7925056017 | Parietal lobes | Divided into two functional regions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system. The first function integrates sensory information to form a single perception cognition. | 47 | |
| 7925060269 | Peripheral nervous system | To connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. | 48 | |
| 7925060334 | Pineal gland | Produces and secretes the hormone melatonin, which is a hormone that helps regulate biological rhythms such as sleep and wake cycles. The secretion of melatonin is inhibited by light and triggered by darkness. | 49 | |
| 7925063538 | Pons | Consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebrum and the cerebellum, and bridges sensory information between the left and right hemispheres of the brain | 50 | |
| 7925066572 | Receptor sites | The part of a nerve that receives and reads chemical signals neurotransmitters from other nerves to transmit the electrical signals that transfer information through the brain and nervous system. | 51 | |
| 7925068795 | Reflex arc | The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between. | 52 | |
| 7925070587 | Resting potential | The polarization of cellular fluid within a neuron that provides the potential to produce an action | 53 | |
| 7925073175 | Reuptake | The reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter of a presynaptic neuron after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse | 54 | |
| 7925073176 | Soma | Contains the nucleus. Contains the dendrites. | 55 | |
| 7925117239 | Somatic nervous system | Include voluntary movement of the muscles and organs and reflex movements. In the process of voluntary movement, sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain and the spinal cord. | 56 | |
| 7925120433 | Spinal cord | Carries out two main functions: It connects a large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Information nerve impulses reaching the spinal cord through sensory neurons are transmitted up into the brain. | 57 | |
| 7925120434 | Stem cell | Either become new stem cells self-renewal or become specialized cells differentiation with a more specific function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle or bone. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to generate new cell types. |  | 58 |
| 7925128645 | Sympathetic division | Regulate the body's unconscious actions. | 59 | |
| 7925131736 | Synapse | Transfer electric activity information from one cell to another. The transfer can be from nerve to nerve, or nerve to muscle (neuro-myo). The region between the pre- and postsynaptic membrane is very narrow, only 30-50 nm. |  | 60 |
| 7925133780 | Synaptic gap | When the electrical signal reaches the presynaptic ending, it is translated into a chemical message that then diffuses across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell. |  | 61 |
| 7925137286 | Temporal lobes | Involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. The primary auditory cortex receives sensory information from the ears and secondary areas process the information into meaningful units such as speech and words. |  | 62 |
| 7925142960 | Testes | The most essential organs of the male reproductive system. They are the glands where sperm and testosterone are produced. | 63 | |
| 7925148306 | Thalamus | A ismall structure within the brain located just above the brainstem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain and has extensive nerve connections to both. The main function of the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex. |  | 64 |
| 7925150329 | Thyroid gland | A vitally important hormonal gland that plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and maturation of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of hormones into the bloodstream. |  | 65 |
| 7925165517 | Wernicke's aphasia | A type of aphasia in which individuals are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form. | 66 | |
| 7925394935 | Psychoactive Drugs | A chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. | 67 | |
| 7925397964 | Tolerance | Used simply to refer to a drug's decreased potency in affecting a specified behavior after repeated or continuous exposure to the drug. | 68 | |
| 7925399957 | Addiction | A condition that results when a person ingests a substance. | 69 | |
| 7925429073 | Withdrawal | Features that follow the abrupt discontinuation of a drug that has the capability of producing physical dependence. | 70 | |
| 7925433576 | Alcohol | A colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel. | 71 | |
| 7925439343 | Barbituates | Any of a class of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs derived from barbituric acid. | 72 | |
| 7925442930 | Opiates | Drugs are narcotic sedatives that depress activity of the central nervous system, reduce pain, and induce sleep. | 73 | |
| 7925448107 | Nicotine | A remarkably addictive drug; only about seven percent of people who try to quit smoking on their own last at least one year. | 74 | |
| 7925533690 | Cocaine | An addictive drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as an illegal stimulant and sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic. | 75 | |
| 7925537039 | Methamphetamine | A synthetic drug with more rapid and lasting effects than amphetamine, used illegally as a stimulant and as a prescription drug to treat narcolepsy and maintain blood pressure. | 76 | |
| 7925540349 | Ecstasy (MDMA) | A derivative of amphetamine | 77 | |
| 7925540350 | LSD | A synthetic crystalline compound, lysergic acid diethylamide, that is a potent hallucinogenic drug. | 78 | |
| 7925543886 | Marijuana | Cannabis, especially as smoked in cigarettes. (weed) | 79 | |
| 7925546709 | Stimulant | A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body. | 80 | |
| 7925549262 | Depressant | Reducing functional or nervous activity. | 81 | |
| 7925549335 | Hallucinogen | A drug that causes hallucinations, such as LSD. | 82 | |
| 7925559148 | Narcotics | A drug or other substance affecting mood or behavior and sold for nonmedical purposes, especially an illegal one. | 83 |
