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| 7278957088 | René Descartes | Agreed with Socrates and Plato about the existence of innate ideas •believed the mind was distinct from the body and was able to survive its death • concluded that the fluid in the brain flowed through the brain's nerves to the muscles provoking movement •memories formed as experiences opened pores in the brain | 0 | |
| 7278995534 | Socrates and Plato | Concluded that the mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies •knowledge is innate (born with us) | 1 | |
| 7279006685 | Aristotle | Plato's student- he derived principles from logic and careful observations. •soul is NOT separable from the body •knowledge is NOT preexisting; it grows from the experiences stored in our memories | 2 | |
| 7279028681 | John Locke | Argued that the mind at birth is a blank slate- on which our experience writes. •this idea along with Bacon's helped form modern empiricism | 3 | |
| 7279051970 | Empiricism | The view that knowledge originates in experience and science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation | 4 | |
| 7279063485 | Wilhelm Wundt | •established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany •sought to measure the "atoms of the mind" (the fastest and sjmplest mental processes) | 5 | |
| 7279093538 | Edward Titchener | Introduced structuralism •used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements | 6 | |
| 7279107818 | Introspection | Looking inward | 7 | |
| 7279111095 | Structuralism (1879) | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind "Interested in the basic elements of the human experience" (not all that effective) | 8 | |
| 7279126579 | Functionalism (1890) | A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how the newborn the organism to adapt, survive and flourish "Focuses on function (rather than stucture) of consciousness | 9 | |
| 7279143639 | Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes | 10 | |
| 7279145280 | Behavior | Anything an organism does- any action we can observe and record | 11 | |
| 7279149086 | Mental processes | The internal,subjective experiences we infer from behavior- perceptions, dreams, thoughts and beliefs | 12 | |
| 7279177403 | Inheritable Traits (1900s) | Study of how genetics influences a person's abilities, character and behavior | 13 | |
| 7279184925 | Gestalt Psychology (1920s & 30s) | Forerunner to modern cognitive approach Concerned with how sensations are perceived by the mind Ex:do you see the lamp or two faces? The whole is different than the sum of it's parts |  | 14 |
| 7279216020 | Neuroscience/biologist Perspective | Focus on how the physical body and brain creates our emotions, memories and sensory experiences | 15 | |
| 7279221763 | Evolutionary Perspective | -our survival skills -focuses on Darwinism How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes | 16 | |
| 7279231141 | Psychodynamic Perspective | -Created by Freud -our behavior comes from unconscious drives and conflicts -stems from first five years of childhood | 17 | |
| 7279256574 | Behavioral Perspective | - focuses on OBSERVABLE behaviors -only cares about behaviors that impair our quality of life and attempt to change them Ex: would train someone to stop biting their nails but would not try to calm them | 18 | |
| 7279276023 | Cognitive Perspectives | Our thought process- how we encode and process information -cognitive therapist would attempt to change the way you think | 19 | |
| 7279293631 | Socio-cultural Perspective | How your culture effects your behavior and thinking | 20 | |
| 7279306266 | APA (American psychological association) Ethical Guidelines | 1.) no physical or mental harm 2.) informed consent (can be verbal) 3.)confidentiality 4.) must debrief (explain procedure) participant | 21 | |
| 7279319533 | Rules for Animal Research | -clear purpose -treat as human as possible -get animals legally -least amount of suffering as possible | 22 | |
| 7279327805 | Barnum Effect | The tendency for people to accept general or vauge charechterizationd of themselves and take them to be accurate Ex: horoscopes | 23 | |
| 7279339530 | Psychology vs common sense | -Objective v subjective data collection -Systematic observation v hit or miss observation -reliance on evidence v ignoring counter-evidence | 24 | |
| 7279350505 | Scientific Method | 1.) hypothesis 2.)experiments 3.)results 4.)findings | 25 | |
| 7279355515 | 4 goals of psychology | 1.) description (what's normal, what's not?) 2.) explanation (why do we do what we do?) 3.) prediction (want to see how humans will be in future cases) 4.) influence (change behavior in a positive way) | 26 | |
| 7279370125 | Applied research | Clear, practical applications (can be used immediately) | 27 | |
| 7279373388 | Basic research | Not intended to be immediately used (Curious about It) | 28 | |
| 7279481076 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First woman to receive an Psychology PH.D -synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind" | 29 | |
| 7279487107 | Humanistic Psychology (1960s) | -Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow -softer response to freuidian psych and behavioralism Emphasized growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth (All sunshine and rainbows) | 30 | |
| 7279499757 | Frued | Emphasized the ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect our behavior | 31 | |
| 7279515007 | John B. Watson and B.F Skinner | Behavioralists -science is rooted in observation, you cannot observe a sensation, feeling or thought, but you can observe people's behavior as they respond to different situations | 32 | |
| 7279534361 | B.F Skinner | Leading behaviorist who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior | 33 | |
| 7279545930 | Nature-nurture issue | Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors | 34 | |
| 7279552956 | Charles Darwin | Argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies | 35 | |
| 7279558798 | Behavior Genetics Perspective | How much our genes and environment influence our individual differences | 36 | |
| 7279569724 | Levels of analysis | Biological influences Psychological influences Social-cultural influences | 37 | |
| 7279574221 | Biological influences | -genetic predispositions -genetic mutations -natural selection of adaptive physiology and behaviors -genes responding to environments | 38 | |
| 7279579604 | Psychological influences | -learned fears and other learned expectations -emotional responses -cognitive processing | 39 |
