Terms : Hide Images
| 231752320 | Sensation | experience of sensory stimulation | |
| 231752321 | Perception | process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information | |
| 231752322 | receptor Cell | A specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy | |
| 231752323 | Absolute Threshold | te least amount of energy that can be detected as a stimulation 50 perecent of the time | |
| 231752324 | Adaptation | Adjustment of the senses to stimulation | |
| 231752325 | Difference Threshold | The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time | |
| 231752326 | Weber's Law | the principle that the just noticeable difference for any given sense is a constant proportion of the stimulation being judged | |
| 231752327 | cornea | The transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye | |
| 231752328 | Pupil | small opening in the iris through which light enters the eye | |
| 231752329 | Iris | Colored part of the eye | |
| 231752330 | lens | transparent part of the eye inside the pupil that focuses light on the retina | |
| 231752331 | Retina | Lining of the eye containing receptor cells that are sensitive to light | |
| 231752332 | Fovea | Area of the retina that is the center of the visual field | |
| 231752333 | Light | The small segment of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive | |
| 231752334 | Wavelengths | The difference energies represented in the electromagnetic spectrum | |
| 231752335 | Rods | REceptor cells in the retina responsible for night vision and perception of brightness | |
| 231752336 | Cones | Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision | |
| 231752337 | Bipolar Cells | Neurons that have only one axon and one dendrite; in the eye, these neurons connect the receptors on the retina to the ganglion cells | |
| 231752338 | Visual acuity | the ability to distinguish fine details | |
| 231752339 | Dark adaptation | Increased sensitivity of rods and cones in darkness | |
| 231752340 | Light adaptation | Decreased sensitivity of rods and cones in bright light | |
| 231752341 | Afterimage | Sense experience that occurs after a visual stimulus has been remoed | |
| 231752342 | ganglion cells | Neurons that connect the bipolar cells in the eyes to the brain | |
| 231752343 | Optic nerve | The bundle of axons of ganglion cells that carries neural messages from each eye to the brain | |
| 231752344 | Blind spot | Place on the retina where the axons of all ganglion cells leave the eye and where there are no receptors | |
| 231752345 | Optic chiasm | Point near the base of the brain where some fibers in the optic nerve from each eye cross to the other side of the brain | |
| 231752346 | hue | the aspect of color that corresponds to the names such as red, green, blue | |
| 231752347 | Saturation | the vividness or richness of a hue | |
| 231752348 | Brightness | The nearness of a color to white as opposed to black | |
| 231752349 | Additive color mixing | The process of mixing lights of different wavelengths to create new hues | |
| 231752350 | Subtractive color mixing | The process of mixing pigments, each of which absorbs some wavelengths of light and reflects others | |
| 231752351 | trichromatic theory | Theory of color vision that all color perception derives from three different color receptors in the retina (usually red, green, and blue receptors) | |
| 231752352 | Colorblindness | Partial or total inablilty to perceive hues | |
| 231752353 | Trichromats | People who have normal color vision | |
| 231752354 | Monochromats | people who are totally colorblind | |
| 231752355 | Dichromats | People who are blind to either red-green or yellow-blue | |
| 231752356 | Opponent-process theory | Theory of color vision that three sets of color receptors (yello-blue, red-green, black-white) respond in either/or fashion to determine the color you experience | |
| 231752357 | Sound | A psychological experience created by the brain in response to changes i air pressure that are received by the auditory system | |
| 231752358 | Sound waves | Changes in pressure caused when molecules of air or fluid collide with one another and then move apart again | |
| 231752359 | Frequency | The number of cycles per second in a wave; in sound, the primary determinant of pitch | |
| 231752360 | Hertz | Cycles per second; unit of measurement for the frequency of waves | |
| 231752361 | Pitch | Auditory experience corresponding primarily to frequency of sound vibrations, resulting in a high or lower tone | |
| 231752362 | Amplitude | The magnitude of a wave; in sound, the primary determinant of loudness | |
| 231752363 | Decibel | Unit of measurement for the loudness of sounds | |
| 231752364 | Overtones | Tones that result from sound waves that are multiple of the basic tone: primary determinant of timbre | |
| 231752365 | Timbre | The quantity or texture of sound; caused by overtones | |
| 231752366 | Hammer, anvil, stirrup | The three small bones in the middle ear that relay vbrations of the eardrum to the inner ear | |
| 231752367 | Oval window | Membrane across the opening between the middle ear and inner ear that conducts vibrations to the cochlea | |
| 231752368 | Round window | Membrane between the middle ear and inner ear that equalizes pressure in the inner ear | |
| 231752369 | Cochlea | Part of the inner ear containing fluid that ibrates which turn causes the basilar membrane to vibrate | |
| 231752370 | Basilar membrane | Vibrating membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear; it contains sense receptors for sound | |
| 231752371 | Organ of Corti | Structure on the surface of the basilar membrane that contains the receptors cells for hearing | |
| 231752372 | Auditory nerve | The bundle of neurons that carries signals from each ear tothe brain | |
| 231752373 | Place theory | Theory that pitch is determined by the location of gretest vibration of teh basilar membrane | |
| 231752374 | Frequency theory | Theory that pitch is determined by the frequency with which hair cells in the cochlea fire | |
| 231752375 | Volley principle | Refinement of frequency theory; receptors in ear fire in sequence, one group, then another, etc., firing corresponds to the frequence of sound | |
| 231752376 | Olfactory epithelium | Nasal membranes containing receptor cells sensitive to odors | |
| 231752377 | Olfactory bulb | The smell center in teh brain | |
| 231752378 | Pheromone | Chemical that communicates information to other organisims through smell | |
| 231752379 | Ohermone vomeronasal organ (VNO) | Location of receptors for phermones in the roof of the nnasal cavity | |
| 231752380 | Taste buds | Structures on the tongue that contain the recptor cells for taste | |
| 231752381 | Papillae | Small bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds | |
| 231752382 | Kinesthetic senses | senses of forces and movement of muscles | |
| 231752383 | Stretch receptors | Receptors that sense muscle stretch and contraction | |
| 231752384 | Gogli tendon organs | Receptors that sense movement of the tendons, which connect muscle to bone | |
| 231752385 | Vestibular sense | Senses of equilibrium and body position in space | |
| 231752386 | SEmicircular canals | Structures in the inner ear particularly sensitive to body rotation | |
| 231752387 | Vestibular sacs | Sacs in the inner ear that are responsible for sensing gravitation and forward, backward and verticle movement | |
| 231752388 | Gate control theory | Theory that a "neurological gate" in the spinal cord controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain | |
| 231752389 | Placebo effect | Pain releif occurs when a person believes a pill or procedure will reduce pain; caused by endorphins | |
| 231752390 | Figure | Object perceived to stand apart from the background | |
| 231752391 | Ground | BAckground against which the figure appears | |
| 231752392 | Feature detectors | Specialized brain cells that only respond to particular elements of the visual field such as movement or lines of specific orientation | |
| 231752393 | Perceptual constancy | Tendency to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changes in sensory stimulation | |
| 231752394 | Size constancy | Perception of an object as the same size regardles of the distane from which it is viewed | |
| 231752395 | Shape Constancy | Tendency to see an object as the sae shape no matter what angle it is viewed from | |
| 231752396 | Brightness constancy | Perception of brightness as the same, eve though the amount of light reaching the retina changes | |
| 231752397 | Color constancy | Inclination to perceive familiar objects as retaining their color despite changes in sensory information | |
| 231752398 | Monocular cues | Visual cues requiring the use of one eye | |
| 231752399 | Binocular cues | Visual cues requiring the use of both eyes | |
| 231752400 | Superposition | Monocular distance cue in which one object, by artly blocking a second object, is perceived as being closer | |
| 231752401 | Linear perspective | Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that two lines seem to come together at the horizon | |
| 231752402 | Aerial perspective | Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that more distant objects are likely to appear hazy and blurred | |
| 231752403 | Elevation | Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that the higher on the horizontal pane an object is, the farther away it appears | |
| 231752404 | Texture gradient | Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that objects seem at greater distances appear to be smoother and less textured | |
| 231752405 | Shadowing | Monoculr cue to distance adn depth based on the fact that shadows often appear on the parts of objects that are more distant | |
| 231752406 | Motion parallax | Monocular distance cue: objects closer thatn point of visual focus seem to move opposite viewer's moving head, and objets beyond the focus point seem to move same direction | |
| 231752407 | Steroscopic vision | Combination of two retinal images to give a three-dimensional perceptual experience | |
| 231752408 | Retinal disparity | Binocular distance cue based on the difference between the images cast on the two retinas when both eyes are focused on the same object | |
| 231752409 | Convergence | A visual depth cue that comes from muscles controlling eye movement as the eyes turn inward to view a nearby stimulus | |
| 231752410 | Monaural cue | Cue to sound location that requires just one ear | |
| 231752411 | Binaural cue | Cue to sound location that involves both earrs working together | |
| 231752412 | Autokinetic illusion | The perception that a stationary object is actually moving | |
| 231752413 | Stroboscopic motion | Apparent movement that results from flashing a series of still pictures in rapid succession, as in a motion picture | |
| 231752414 | Phi phenomenon | Apparent movement caused by flahsing lights in sequence, as on theater marguees | |
| 231752415 | Physical illusion | Illusion due to distortion of information reaching receptor cells | |
| 231752416 | Perceptual illusion | Illusion due to misleading cues in stimuli that give inaccuraate perceptions |
