AP Psych - Chpt 9
Terms : Hide Images
| 19564619 | memory | the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information | |
| 19564620 | flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event | |
| 19564621 | encoding | the processing of information into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning | |
| 19564622 | storage | the retention of encoded information over time | |
| 19564623 | retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage | |
| 19564624 | sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system | |
| 19564625 | short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten | |
| 19564626 | long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. | |
| 19564627 | working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. | |
| 19564628 | automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. | |
| 19564657 | effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort | |
| 19564658 | rehearsal | the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. | |
| 19564659 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. | |
| 19565762 | serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list | |
| 19565763 | visual encoding | the encoding of picture images | |
| 19565764 | acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words | |
| 19565765 | semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words | |
| 19565766 | imagery | mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding | |
| 19565767 | mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. | |
| 19565768 | chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically | |
| 19565769 | iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. | |
| 19565770 | echoic memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds | |
| 19565771 | long-term potentiation (LTP) | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. | |
| 19565772 | amnesia | the loss of memory | |
| 19565773 | implicit (procedural) memory | retention independent of conscious recollection | |
| 19565774 | explicit (declarative) memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." | |
| 19565775 | hippocampus | a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage | |
| 19565776 | recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. | |
| 19565777 | recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. | |
| 19565778 | relearning | a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. | |
| 19565779 | priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. | |
| 19565780 | deja vu | that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." | |
| 19566275 | mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. | |
| 19566276 | proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. | |
| 19566277 | retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. | |
| 19566278 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories. | |
| 19566279 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. | |
| 19566280 | source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experiences, heard about, read about or imagined |
