Famous psychologists (and their most known accomplishments) that you should know for the AP Psychology Exam.
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| 9731615680 | Mary Ainsworth | Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment |  | 0 |
| 9731615681 | Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. |  | 1 |
| 9731615682 | Albert Bandura | Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective |  | 2 |
| 9731615683 | Alfred Binet | Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children |  | 3 |
| 9731615684 | Thomas Bouchard | Studied identical twins separated at birth |  | 4 |
| 9731615685 | Noam Chomsky | Created concept of "universal grammar" - language acquisition device |  | 5 |
| 9731615686 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory - Forgetting & Relearning Curve |  | 6 |
| 9731615687 | Erik Erikson | Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development |  | 7 |
| 9731615688 | Sigmund Freud | Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry" & defense mechanisms |  | 8 |
| 9731615689 | John Garcia | studied taste aversion in rats; led to knowledge that sickness and taste preferences can be conditioned |  | 9 |
| 9731615690 | Carol Gilligan | Presented feminist critique of Kolhberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships |  | 10 |
| 9731615691 | Harry Harlow | Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers - contact comfort |  | 11 |
| 9731615692 | William James | created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher |  | 12 |
| 9731615693 | Jerome Kagan | Conducted longitudinal studies on temperament (infancy to adolescence) |  | 13 |
| 9731615694 | Ancel Keys | Conducted semi-starvation experiments to measure psych effects of hunger |  | 14 |
| 9731615695 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment |  | 15 |
| 9731615696 | Elizabeth Loftus | Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony - False Memories |  | 16 |
| 9731615697 | Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |  | 17 |
| 9731615698 | Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience to Authority |  | 18 |
| 9731615699 | Ivan Pavlov | Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs - Association of Biological responses |  | 19 |
| 9731615700 | Jean Piaget | Known for his theory of cognitive development in children - Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, & Formal Operational |  | 20 |
| 9731615701 | Carl Rogers | Developed "client-centered" therapy |  | 21 |
| 9731615702 | Stanley Schachter | Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect |  | 22 |
| 9731615703 | B.F. Skinner | Described process of operant conditioning - Reward & Punishment |  | 23 |
| 9731615704 | Edward Thorndike | Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes" |  | 24 |
| 9731615705 | John Watson | Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning |  | 25 |
| 9731615706 | Benjamin Lee Whorf | Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism" |  | 26 |
| 9731615707 | William Wundt | Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory |  | 27 |
| 9731615708 | Philip Zimbardo | Conducted Stanford Prison experiment |  | 28 |
| 9731615709 | Hans Selye | (Accidentally) described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |  | 29 |
| 9731615710 | Karen Horney | Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory |  | 30 |
| 9731615711 | Martin Seligman | Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness" |  | 31 |
| 9731615713 | Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order |  | 32 |
| 9731615714 | Albert Ellis | Developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT) |  | 33 |
| 9731615715 | Aaron Beck | Developed cognitive-behavior therapy - change your thinking and actions |  | 34 |
| 9731615716 | Gordon Allport | Founder of Trait Theory |  | 35 |
| 9731615717 | Phineas Gage | his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...) |  | 36 |
| 9731615719 | David McClelland | studied achievement motivation; found those with high levels are driven to master challenging tasks |  | 37 |
| 9731615720 | Mary Whiton Calkins | first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her) |  | 38 |
| 9731615721 | Charles Darwin | his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective |  | 39 |
| 9731615722 | Dorothea Dix | American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct & fund asylums for the mentally ill |  | 40 |
| 9731615723 | G. Stanley Hall | first american to work for Wundt; • Founded the American Psychological Association (now largest organization of psychologists in the USA) and became first president |  | 41 |
| 9731615724 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd female president of the APA (1921) |  | 42 |
| 9731615725 | Paul Broca | the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it |  | 43 |
| 9731615726 | Carl Wernicke | an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it |  | 44 |
| 9731615727 | Michael Gazzaniga | Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients |  | 45 |
| 9731615728 | Roger Sperry | like Gazzaniga, studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions |  | 46 |
| 9731615729 | Gustav Fechner | early German psychologist credited with founding psychophysics |  | 47 |
| 9731615730 | David Hubel & Torsten Weisel | two Nobel prize winning neuroscientists who demonstrated the importance of "feature detector" neurons in visual perception |  | 48 |
| 9731615731 | Ernst Weber | best known for "Weber's Law", the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude |  | 49 |
| 9731615732 | Ernest Hilgard | famous for his hypnosis research & the theory that a "hidden observer" theory |  | 50 |
| 9731615734 | Edward Tolman | researched rats' use of "cognitive maps" - Latent Learning |  | 51 |
| 9731615735 | Wolfgang Kohler | Demonstrated "insight" in chimps when Sultan used tools to solve a problem - left temporal lobe - AHA |  | 52 |
| 9731615736 | George A. Miller | made famous the phrase: "the magical number 7, plus or minus 2" when describing human memory |  | 53 |
| 9731615737 | Alfred Kinsey | his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings) |  | 54 |
| 9731615738 | Diana Baumrind | her theory of parenting styles had three main types (permissive, authoratative, & authoritarian) |  | 55 |
| 9731615739 | Lev Vygotsky | founder of "Social Development Theory" (note: not "social learning theory" OR "psychosocial" development...); emphasizes importace of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development |  | 56 |
| 9731615740 | Konrad Lorenz | won Nobel prize for research on imprinting |  | 57 |
| 9731615741 | Carl Jung | neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation |  | 58 |
| 9731615742 | Paul Costa & Robert McCrae | creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits - OCEAN |  | 59 |
| 9731615743 | Francis Galton | interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement |  | 60 |
| 9731615744 | Howard Gardner | best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences" |  | 61 |
| 9731615745 | Charles Spearman | creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept |  | 62 |
| 9731615746 | Robert Sternberg | creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types) |  | 63 |
| 9731615747 | Lewis Terman | advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI |  | 64 |
| 9731615748 | David Weschler | Developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests |  | 65 |
| 9731615749 | Mary Cover Jones | "Mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits |  | 66 |
| 9731615750 | Joseph Wolpe | Described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias |  | 67 |
| 9731615751 | Leon Festinger | Described concept of cognitive dissonance |  | 68 |
| 9731615752 | Paul Ekman | Interested in the universality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of microexpressions to detect lying. |  | 69 |
| 9731615753 | William Masters & Virginia Johnson | Used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages) |  | 70 |
| 9731615754 | Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky | Investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability, anchoring, and representativeness heuristics |  | 71 |
| 9731615755 | Raymond Cattell | Intelligence: fluid & crystal intelligence; personality testing: 16 Personality Factors (16PF personality test) |  | 72 |
| 9731615756 | Edward Bradford Titchener | Student of Wundt and founder of structuralism. Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements. |  | 73 |
| 9731795001 | Max Wertheimer | Gestalt psychology founder who focused on the "whole" of behavior | 74 | |
| 9731809930 | Homunculus | Latin for "little man"; refers to the topographic map of the body in the somatosensory cortex. | 75 | |
| 9731821521 | Elizabeth Kubler Ross | psychologist who created the 5 stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance | 76 | |
| 9731823583 | Robert Yerkes & Dodson Law | arousal improves performance but too much can inhibit it- Optimal Arousal | 77 | |
| 9731855685 | Hans Seyle | General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)- alarm, resistance, exhaustion | 78 | |
| 9731860230 | WALTER CANNON | came up with the fight or flight theory>> body's way of reacting to stress | 79 |
