Terms : Hide Images
| 8007359978 | Algorithm | A step-by-step procedure that always provides the right answer for a particular type of problem. | 0 | |
| 8007361299 | Anchoring Heuristic | An insufficient adjustment up or down from an original starting value when judging the probable value of some event or outcome. | 1 | |
| 8007362083 | Audience Design | The process of shaping a message depending on the audience for which it is intended. | 2 | |
| 8007364929 | Automatic Processes | Processes that do not require attention; they can often be performed along with other tasks without interference. | 3 | |
| 8007366597 | Availability Heuristic | A judgment based on the information readily available in memory. | 4 | |
| 8007367606 | Belief-Bias Effect | A situation that occurs when a person's prior knowledge, attitudes, or values distort the reasoning process by influencing the person to accept invalid arguments. | 5 | |
| 8007370153 | Belief Perseverance | The tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms the basis of that belief. | 6 | |
| 8007370766 | Cognition | Processes of knowing, including attending, remembering, and reasoning; also the content of the processes, such as concepts and memories. | 7 | |
| 8007371918 | Cognitive Processes | Higher mental processes, such as perception, memory, language, problem solving, and abstract thinking. | 8 | |
| 8007373714 | Cognitive Psychology | The study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking. | 9 | |
| 8007376385 | Concept | Mental representations of kinds or categories of items or ideas. | 10 | |
| 8007377733 | Confirmation Bias | A tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, leading to statistical errors. | 11 | |
| 8007378224 | Controlled Biases | Processes that require attention; it is often difficult to carry out more than one controlled process at a time. | 12 | |
| 8007378225 | Decision Aversion | The tendency to avoid decision making; the tougher the decision, the greater the likelihood of decision aversion. | 13 | |
| 8007379946 | Decision Making | The process of choosing between alternatives; selecting or rejecting available options. | 14 | |
| 8007381533 | Deductive Reasoning | A form of thinking in which one draws a conclusion that is intended to follow logically from two or more statements or premises. | 15 | |
| 8007381534 | Fixation | A state in which a person remains attached to objects or activities more appropriate for an earlier stage of psychosexual development. | 16 | |
| 8007384673 | Frame | A particular description of a choice; the perspective from which a choice is described or framed affects how a decision is made and which option is ultimately exercised. | 17 | |
| 8007385413 | Functional Fixedness | An inability to perceive a new use for an object previously associated with some other purpose; adversely affects problem solving and creativity. | 18 | |
| 8007385414 | Grammar | Abstract system of rules describing how a language works. | 19 | |
| 8007386939 | Heuristics | Cognitive strategies, or "rules of thumb," often used as shortcuts in solving a complex inferential task. | 20 | |
| 8007388345 | Inductive Reasoning | A form of reasoning in which a conclusion is made about the probability of some state of affairs, based on the available evidence and past experience. | 21 | |
| 8007388914 | Interferences | A phenomenon of human memory involving the learning of new material where the learning of new information or behavior interacts with "old learning" or memories, thoughts and behaviors that come from past learning, and interferes with the acquisition or comprehension of the new information. | 22 | |
| 8007390326 | Insight | the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. | 23 | |
| 8007391144 | Judgement | The process by which people form opinions, reach conclusions, and make critical evaluations of events and people based on available material; also, the product of that mental activity. | 24 | |
| 8007391889 | Language Production | What people say, sign, and write, as well as the processes they go through to produce these messages. | 25 | |
| 8007392950 | Mental Set | The tendency to respond to a new problem in the manner used to respond to a previous problem. | 26 | |
| 8007393492 | Morphemes | The smallest lingual unit that carries a semantic interpretation | 27 | |
| 8007394024 | Parallel Processes | Two or more mental processes that are carried out simultaneously. | 28 | |
| 8007396087 | Phomemes | Minimal units of speech in any given language that make a meaningful difference in speech production and reception; r and l are two distinct phonemes in English but variations of one in Japanese. | 29 | |
| 8007397072 | Problem Solving | Thinking that is directed toward solving specific problems and that moves from an initial state to a goal state by means of a set of mental operations. | 30 | |
| 8007397875 | Problem Space | The elements that make up a problem: the initial state, the incomplete information or unsatisfactory conditions the person starts with; the goal state, the set of information or state the person wishes to achieve; and the set of operations, the steps the person takes to move from the initial state to the goal state. | 31 | |
| 8007398784 | Prototype | The most representative example of a category. | 32 | |
| 8007399766 | Reasoning | The process of thinking in which conclusions are drawn from a set of facts; thinking directed toward a given goal or objective. | 33 | |
| 8007401433 | Representative Heuristic | A cognitive strategy that assigns an object to a category on the basis of a few characteristics regarded as representative of that category. | 34 | |
| 8007402029 | Serial Processing | Mental tasks that must be carried out in sequence, one after another, rather than simultaneously | 35 | |
| 8007402038 | Semantics | The study of relationships between words and how we construct meaning | 36 | |
| 8007403527 | Syntax | Grammatical rules for specifying correct word order and inflectional structure in a sentence | 37 | |
| 8007404292 | Think-Aloud Protocols | Reports made by experimental participants of the mental processes and strategies they use while working on a task. | 38 | |
| 8007404850 | Babbling Stage | A stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds, but does not yet produce any recognizable words. | 39 | |
| 8007405222 | One-word stage | The stage in which children speak mainly in single words | 40 | |
| 8007406094 | Two-word stage | During this stage children start using two-word sentences more than just using single words for everything | 41 | |
| 8007406778 | Telegraphic Speech | Speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children | 42 | |
| 8007408359 | Linguistic Determinism | The idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. | 43 |
