Psychology's History And Approaches
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| 212729567 | empiricism | Application to psych that focuses on learning about behavior through direct observation or experience | |
| 212729568 | structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind | |
| 212729569 | functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. | |
| 212729570 | inheritable traits | influence of heredity on human thought | |
| 212729571 | Gestalt psych | human sensation and perception (whole patterns) | |
| 212729572 | experimental psych | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method | |
| 212729573 | behaviorism | a psychological theory of human development, says that humans can be conditioned to respond to stimuli in specific ways | |
| 212729574 | humanistic psych | individual, self-directed choices. emphasized growth potential of healthy people and individual's potential for personal growth | |
| 212729575 | cognitive neuroscience | an academic field concerned with the scientific study of mental processes. The study of the brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language) | |
| 212729576 | psychology | the study of human thought and behavior | |
| 212729577 | natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest | |
| 212729578 | levels of analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon | |
| 212729579 | biopsychosocial approach | an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | |
| 212729580 | biological psych | biochemical/physical factors, behavioral genetics, cognitive neuroscience | |
| 212729581 | evolutionary psych | natural selection, survival of the fittest, Charles Darwin | |
| 212729582 | psychodynamic psych | "Unconscious" drives/conflicts, past/early childhood, Freud | |
| 212729583 | behavioral psych | observable behavior, events in the environment- rewards/punishments, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner | |
| 212729584 | cognitive psych | how we process, retrieve, and store information, mental activities, Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky | |
| 212729585 | social-cultural psych | sex, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, environment, socioeconomic status, Stanley Milgram | |
| 212729586 | psychometrics | scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, traits (IQ tests) | |
| 212729587 | developmental psych | scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan | |
| 212729588 | educational psych | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning | |
| 212729589 | personality psych | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | |
| 212729590 | social psych | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | |
| 212729591 | industrial-organizational psych | the application of psychological concepts to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | |
| 212729592 | human factors psych | the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments | |
| 212729593 | counseling psych | assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being | |
| 212729594 | clinical psych | a branch of psych that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorder | |
| 212729595 | psychiatry | branch of medicine concerned with studying mind and behavior of humans. ____ are MDs that can diagnose and treat illnesses, prescribe medicine, and operate on patients. | |
| 212729596 | SQ3R study method | survey, question, read, rehearse, review | |
| 213570592 | Nature-nurture issue | the controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience | |
| 213570593 | Biological influences | natural selection of adaptive traits, genetic predispositions responding to environment, brain mechanisms, hormonal influence | |
| 213570594 | Psychological influences | learned fears/expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations | |
| 213570595 | Social-cultural influences | presence of others, cultural/societal/family expectations, peer influence | |
| 361578341 | theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events | |
| 361578342 | ex post facto method | research that begins with already-collected data. Also, the experimenter doesn't directly manipulate the independent variable. | |
| 361578343 | inferential statistics | applying statistical methods in order to draw conclusions from sets of data that arise from systems affected by random variation | |
| 361578344 | variability | the range of possible values for any measurable characteristic | |
| 361578345 | frequency distribution | arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a sample | |
| 361578346 | skewed distribution | measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable | |
| 366157762 | monism | seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing | |
| 366157763 | dualism | seeing mind and body as two different things that interact |
