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| 327787378 | Excitatory Neurotransmitters | increase the likelihood of an Action Potential | 0 | |
| 327787379 | Inhibitary Neurotransmitters | decrease the likelihood of an Action Potential | 1 | |
| 327787380 | agonist | mimics or intensifies action of NT | 2 | |
| 327787381 | antagonist | opposes or blocks action of NT | 3 | |
| 327787382 | Acetylcholine (Ach) | enables every muscle(v and inv) important for memory and learning alzheimers: loss of Ach neurons agonist: convulsions, heart attack antagonist: curare( poision dart frog) botulism | 4 | |
| 327787383 | Dopamine | enables voluntary movement pleasurable emotions from food, water, sex parkinson's: muscle ridigity, tremors, speech, flat affect, caused by destruction of DA neurons Schizophrenia: elevated DA (6x # of receptors), creates hallucinations and delusions agonists: most drugs of abuse, cocaine, THC, meth | 5 | |
| 327787384 | Seratonin | regulates sleep, eating, and mood lower for people with depression agonists: selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) antagonists: sugar w/LSD | 6 | |
| 327787385 | Norepinephrine | controls alertness, arousal, and mood stimulates CNS agonists: adderall, meth, speed, cocaine | 7 | |
| 327787386 | Substance P | sends pain messages vomiting center of the brain contains high levels antagonists: capsaicin, medication used in chemo | 8 | |
| 327787387 | GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) | inhibitory NT involved in 40% of all synapses prevents over stimulation of NS, regulates anxiety agonists: benzodiazepines, alcohol antagonists: rat poision, strict 9 | 9 | |
| 327787388 | Endorphins | alleviate pain produce pleasurable emotions resemble opiates in structure and function creates runner's high agonists: opiates, morphine, heroine, vicadin, oxycotton | 10 | |
| 327787389 | EEG | Electroencepha Logram -measures electrical activity in the brain -sleep studies -epilepsy | 11 | |
| 327787390 | CT Scan | Computerized technology -x-ray slices -reveal brain damage and tumors | 12 | |
| 327787391 | PET Scan | Positron Emission Tomography -radioactive glucose shows how tissues and organs are working -shows brain activity as glucose is exposed | 13 | |
| 327787392 | MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging -magnetic field and radio waves provide detailed pictures of brain structures | 14 | |
| 327787393 | fMRI | Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging -measures increased blood and oxygen use | 15 | |
| 327787394 | Cerebral Lateralization | specialization of function between the 2 hemispheres | 16 | |
| 327787395 | Left Brain | Logic, Math, Language, right side of body/visual field | 17 | |
| 327787396 | Right Brain | Spatial, nonverbal, emotional expression, music/art appreciation, left side of body/visual field | 18 | |
| 327844989 | Stroke | flow of blood blocked by a clot or ruptured vessel, kills brain tissue effects: speech problems, unilateral paralysis, loss of coordination | 19 | |
| 327844992 | Aphasia | the loss or impairment of the ability to express or understand language (caused by stroke) broca's: can't speak wernickles's: can't understand | 20 | |
| 327844994 | Concussion | momentary loss of conciousness, severe or repeated can lead to memory and attention deficits, slurred speech | 21 | |
| 327844996 | Traumatic Brain Injury | major blow to head, mild impairment to death, changes in mood and expression | 22 | |
| 327844998 | Laceration | puncture to skull, can have varying effects depending on location | 23 | |
| 327845001 | Alzheimer's Disease | loss of neurons in hippocampus | 24 | |
| 327845004 | ALS- Lou Gehrig's Disease | degeneration of motor neurons | 25 | |
| 327845006 | Parkinson's Disease | loss of dopamine producing cells | 26 | |
| 327845008 | Cerebral Commissurotory | split brain surgery | 27 | |
| 327845010 | Tumor Removal Surgery | effects depend on location | 28 | |
| 327845012 | Hemispherectomies | remove a hemisphere (most successful in young patients) | 29 | |
| 327845015 | Brain Plasticity | ability of the brain to adapt and reorganize itself 1. experience can sculpt features of the brain (strengthens connections) 2. healthy neurons can reorganize and compensate for damaged ones 3. plasticity declines with age | 30 | |
| 327845017 | Sensation | stimulation of sense receptors that produces a neural impulse (Transduction) | 31 | |
| 327845020 | Perception | selection, organization and interpretation of information into something meaningful | 32 | |
| 327845022 | Psychophysics | study of how physical stimuli and translated into psychological experiments Gustav Fechner (1801-1887) pioneer of psychophysics | 33 | |
| 327845024 | Stimulus | energy that produces a response in the sense organ varies in both type and interest | 34 | |
| 327845027 | Thresholds | dividing points between energy levels of stimulus that do and don't have a detectable effect | 35 | |
| 327845030 | Absolute Threshold | the smallest amount of stimulus that must be presented tin order to be detected 50% of the time -sugar and water: 1 tsp sugar to 2 gallons water -a candle flam seen 30 ft on clear night | 36 | |
| 327845032 | Just Noticeable Difference Threshold | the smallest amount difference in the amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect | 37 | |
| 327845036 | Weber's Law | the JND is a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus -weight 1/50 to 1/30 (disputed) saltiness 1/5 | 38 | |
| 327845040 | Sensory Adaption | Gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation -nerve cells fire less frequently -allows us to notice threats of safety or changes in enviornment | 39 | |
| 327845044 | Selective Attention | focus our awareness to a limited aspect of experience -cocktail party effect | 40 | |
| 327845047 | Change Blindness | a form of selective attention that fails to notice changes in aspects of the enviornment | 41 | |
| 327845050 | Subliminal Perception | messages that occur outside our concious awareness- below the absolute threshold -priming may occur as a result of SP -overall has a limited and fleeting effect and has not been proven to actually influence behavior | 42 | |
| 327845053 | Vision Processing Concepts | feature detectors- cells respond to specific features: lines, edges, angles, movement -parallel processing: color, movemen, form and depth simultaneously | 43 | |
| 327845057 | Color Vision | human visual light spectrum 400 nm to 700 nm in the EMS | 44 | |
| 327845060 | Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision | retinas have 3 types of cones: red, green, blue-violet different wavelengths combine to form up to 7 millions colors | 45 | |
| 327849429 | Color Blindness | monochromatic: no color receptors (rare) di-chromatic: lack function of red or green cones (more common in males) | 46 | |
| 327849430 | Opponent-Process Theory | -3 pairs of opposing receptors: red/green, blue/yellow, black/white -after-imaging produce opponent colors following over-stimulation and fatigue | 47 | |
| 327849431 | Phi Phenomenon | a series of still images in sucession allows us to perceive motion | 48 |
