Terms : Hide Images
| 8008351860 | circadian rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle | 0 | |
| 8008353089 | REM sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active; helps strengthen neural connections that build enduring memories | 1 | |
| 8008356348 | alpha waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state | 2 | |
| 8008357341 | sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation | 3 | |
| 8008360458 | teens and young adults | performance improves throughout the day; evening-energized | 4 | |
| 8008361920 | older adults | performance declines throughout the day; morning-lovers | 5 | |
| 8008363252 | hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus | 6 | |
| 8008364738 | delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | 7 | |
| 8008365872 | NREM sleep | non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep | 8 | |
| 8008367041 | sleep spindles | bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity | 9 | |
| 8008368814 | paradoxical sleep | the body is internally aroused, with waking-like brain activity, yet asleep and externally calm | 10 | |
| 8008370856 | suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm; cause the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying out feelings of sleepiness in response to light | 11 | |
| 8008374695 | sleep's functions | protects helps us recuperate helps restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day's experiences feeds creative thinking supports growth | 12 | |
| 8008380302 | Sleep loss' affect on brain | diminishes attentional focus and memory consolidates. amd increases risk of depression | 13 | |
| 8008381757 | Sleep loss' affect on immune system | suppresses immune cell production and increases risk of viral infections, such as colds | 14 | |
| 8008382839 | Sleep loss' affect on fat cells | increases production and greater risk of obesity | 15 | |
| 8008383659 | Sleep loss' affect on joints | increases inflammation and arthritis | 16 | |
| 8008384260 | Sleep loss' affect on heart | increases risk of high blood pressure | 17 | |
| 8008384917 | Sleep loss' affect on stomach | increases hunger-arousing ghrelin and decreases hunger-suppressing leptin | 18 | |
| 8008386070 | Sleep loss' affect on muscles | reduces strength and slows reaction time and motor learning | 19 | |
| 8008387762 | insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | 20 | |
| 8008389183 | narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | 21 | |
| 8008391583 | sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | 22 | |
| 8008393411 | night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, occur during NREM-3 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | 23 | |
| 8008397798 | dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons's mind; notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it | 24 | |
| 8008401767 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | 25 | |
| 8008402298 | latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream | 26 | |
| 8008403117 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) | 27 | |
| 8008410072 | NREM-1 sleep | irregular brain waves often with the sensation of falling or floating | 28 | |
| 8008411868 | NREM-2 sleep | sleep where we spend most of the time; lasts about 20 minutes with its characteristic sleep spindles; helps strengthen neural connections that build enduring memories | 29 | |
| 8008413283 | NREM-3 sleep | lasts about 30 minutes with large, slow delta waves | 30 | |
| 8041323700 | consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment | 31 | |
| 8041330716 | William James | called brain's dual processing a continuous "stream of consciousness" with each moment flowing into the next | 32 | |
| 8041340985 | hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person's (the hypnotist's) suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur | 33 | |
| 8041353226 | hypnotic induction | the process of entering the hypnotic state Eyelids become heavy, muscles and breathing become relax | 34 | |
| 8041364769 | postural sway | the feeling of physically swaying back and forth once being told you are swaying, even if you are standing straight upright | 35 | |
| 8041376529 | hypnotherapists | try to help patients harness their own healing powers | 36 | |
| 8041381764 | posthypnotic suggestions | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors | 37 | |
| 8041479730 | social influence theory of hypnosis | believes hypnotic phenomena reflects such workings of normal consciousness, including spotlight and interpretations, as well as power of social influence | 38 | |
| 8041497931 | dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others | 39 | |
| 8041508272 | Stroop effect | saying colors of letters become slowed if the word (red) is written in a different color (green) |  | 40 |
| 8041530121 | Biological influences of hypnosis | distinctive brain activity unconscious information processing | 41 | |
| 8041534770 | Psychological influences of hypnosis | focused attention expectations heightened suggestibility dissociation between normal sensations and conscious awareness | 42 | |
| 8041543932 | Social-cultural influences of hypnosis | presence of an authoritative person in legitimate context (Milgram experiment) role playing "good subject" | 43 | |
| 8055098209 | substance use disorder | continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk | 44 | |
| 8055101805 | psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods | 45 | |
| 8055105582 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | 46 | |
| 8055115756 | neuroadaption | the brain chemistry's adaption to offset a drug's effect | 47 | |
| 8055119309 | addiction | compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences | 48 | |
| 8055126040 | withdrawl | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior | 49 | |
| 8055136339 | depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | 50 | |
| 8055142775 | disinhibitor | stimulants that slow brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions | 51 | |
| 8055153395 | alcohol as an equal-opportunity drug | increases (inhibits) helpful tendencies (leave large tip at a restaurant) and increases harmful tendencies (sexual aggression) | 52 | |
| 8055169006 | effects of alcohol | slowed neural processing memory disruption reduced self-awareness and self-control expectancy effects | 53 | |
| 8055176373 | alcohol use disorder | (popularly known as alcoholism); Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use | 54 | |
| 8055189230 | barbiturates | (or tranquilizers) drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment | 55 | |
| 8055197787 | opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety prolonged use causes the brain to stop producing enorphins | 56 | |
| 8055215680 | stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions pupils dilate, heart and breathing rates increase, blood sugar levels rise (cause drop in appetite) | 57 | |
| 8055236803 | amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | 58 | |
| 8055242473 | nicotine | a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco | 59 | |
| 8055252977 | cocaine | a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria; may trigger aggression | 60 | |
| 8055262337 | methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels effects include irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures, social isolation, depression, violent outbursts | 61 | |
| 8055290488 | ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition | 62 | |
| 8055304267 | hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | 63 | |
| 8055313151 | LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drugs; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) emotions vary from euphoria (intense excitement and happiness) to detachment to panic | 64 | |
| 8055330850 | near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as by cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations | 65 | |
| 8055340571 | THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations | 66 | |
| 8055348803 | medical marijuana | legal marijuana granted to relieve the pain and nausea associated with diseases such as AIDS, glaucoma, and cancer | 67 |
