Differences in Intelligence and testing
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| 7843337043 | Validity | A property exhibited by a test that measures what it purports to measure | 0 | |
| 7843337044 | Reliability | A property exhibited by a test that yields the same results | 1 | |
| 7843337045 | Face Validity | Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test | 2 | |
| 7843337046 | Content Validity | A property exhibited by a test in which each item is representative of the larger body of knowledge about the subject that the test covers | 3 | |
| 7843337047 | Item Analysis | The process of examining each question on a test to see how it is related to the objectives being tested | 4 | |
| 7843337048 | Criterion Validity | A property exhibited by a test that accurately measures performance of the test taker against a specific learning goal | 5 | |
| 7843337049 | Test-retest reliability | A property exhibited by a test on which people get about the same scores when they take the test more than once | 6 | |
| 7843337050 | Split-half reliability | A measure of reliability on which a tests is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared | 7 | |
| 7843337051 | Normal range | Scores falling near the middle of a normal distribution | 8 | |
| 7843337052 | Objective Tests | Tests that can be scored easily by machine, such as multiple-choice tests and selected-response tests | 9 | |
| 7843337053 | Subjective tests | tests in which individuals are given an ambiguous figure or open-ended situation and asked to describe what they see or finish a story | 10 | |
| 7843337054 | Inter-rater reliability | A measure of how similarly two different test scores would score a test | 11 | |
| 7843337055 | Mental age (MA) | The average age at which normal (average) individuals achieve a particular score | 12 | |
| 7843337056 | Chronological age (CA) | The number of years since the individual's birth | 13 | |
| 7843337057 | Intelligence quotient (IQ) | A numerical score on an intelligence test, originally computed by dividing the person's mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100 | 14 | |
| 7843337058 | Mental retardation | Often conceived as representing the lower 2% of the IQ range, commencing about 30 points below average (below about 70points). More sophisticated definitions also take into accounting an individual's level of social functioning and other abilities | 15 | |
| 7843337059 | Giftedness | Often conceived as representing the upper 2% of the IQ range, commencing about 30 points above average (at about 130 IQ points) | 16 | |
| 7843337060 | Savant syndrome | Found in individuals who have a remarkable talent (such as the ability to determine the day of the week for any given date) even though they are mentally slow in other domains | 17 | |
| 7843337061 | G factor | A general ability, proposed by Spearman as the main factor underlying all intelligent mental activity | 18 | |
| 7843337062 | Crystallized | The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge | 19 | |
| 7843337064 | Practical | According to Sternberg, the ability to cope with the environment; sometimes called "street smarts" | 20 | |
| 7843337065 | Analytical | According to Sternberg, the ability measured by most IQ tests; includes the ability to analyze problems and find correct answers | 21 | |
| 7843337066 | Creative | According to Sternberg, the form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts, involves insight and creativity | 22 | |
| 7843337067 | Triarchic theory | The term for Sternberg's theory of intelligence, so called. | 23 | |
| 7843410244 | Robert Sternberg | This psychologist came up with the triarchic theory | 24 | |
| 7843337068 | Multiple intelligences | A term used to refer to Gardner's theory, which proposes that there are seven (or more) forms intelligence | 25 | |
| 7843413073 | Gardner | This psychologist came up with the idea of multiple intelligences | 26 | |
| 7843337069 | Self-fulfilling prophecy | Observations or behaviors that result primarily from expectations | 27 | |
| 7843337070 | Heritability | The amount of trait variation within a group, raised under the same conditions, that can be attached to genetic differences. Heritability tells us nothing about between-group differences | 28 | |
| 7843337072 | Experts | Individuals who possess well-organized funs of knowledge, including the effective problem-solving strategies, in a field | 29 | |
| 7843337073 | Confirmation Bias | This is the tendency to ignore things that contradict your beliefs and pay attention to those that confirm your beliefs. | 30 | |
| 7843422884 | Expectancy Bias | This is another term for confirmation bias | 31 | |
| 7843337074 | Control | This group is not exposed to the independent variable. | 32 | |
| 7843337075 | Extraneous | This is another name for a confounding variable. | 33 | |
| 7843337076 | Confounding | This is a variable that affects the dependent variable but is not the independent variable. | 34 | |
| 7843337077 | Factor Analysis | This is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of correlated test items on intelligence tests. | 35 | |
| 7843337078 | Francis Galton | Who was the early pioneer who founded the fields of eugenics and psychometrics? | 36 | |
| 7843337079 | Daniel Goleman | Emotional intelligence of EQ was first hypothesized by which psychologist? | 37 | |
| 7843337080 | Experimental | This is the group that is exposed to the independent variable. | 38 | |
| 7843337081 | Achievement | This test measures what you have learned. | 39 | |
| 7843337082 | Aptitude | This test measures ability and potential success. | 40 | |
| 7843337083 | 100 | A totally average IQ is what? | 41 | |
| 7843337084 | 130 | A genius has an IQ score over what? | 42 | |
| 7843337085 | 70 | A person with a score under this number would be labelled as intellectually disabled. | 43 | |
| 7843337086 | Jensen Controversy | This was caused when a study was released that explained that the differences between the races on IQ testing was based on genetics not on IQ test bias. | 44 | |
| 7843337087 | Self-fulfilling prophecy | This is what Rosenthal and Jacobsen studied | 45 | |
| 7843337088 | Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen | These psychologists first told college students the mice they were racing through the mazes were either smart or dumb and then told elementary teachers they had a class of 'spurters' whose IQ scores would significantly jump that year. | 46 | |
| 7843337089 | Scarr and Weinberg | These psychologists conducted the Transracial Adoption Study | 47 | |
| 7843337090 | Transracial Adoption Study | This study by Scarr and Weinberg assessed whether intelligence was nature v. nurture in terms of race. | 48 | |
| 7843337091 | Down's Syndrome | This is a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. | 49 | |
| 7843337092 | Lewis Terman | Who developed the formula for determining IQ for the Standford-Binet? | 50 | |
| 7843337093 | Mean, median, mode | What are the measures of central tendency? | 51 | |
| 7843337094 | Standard deviation, range | What are the measures of variation? | 52 | |
| 7843337095 | Charles Spearman | Who advocated the idea of general intelligence (g)? | 53 | |
| 7843337096 | Mental Age | This is the level of performance typically associated with a specific chronological age. | 54 | |
| 7843337097 | Independent Variable | What is manipulated in an experiment? | 55 | |
| 7843337098 | Experimental Research | What type of research shows cause and effect? | 56 | |
| 7843337099 | Eugenics | This is the idea created by Galton to breed better humans. | 57 | |
| 7843337100 | Psychometrics | This refers tot measuring mental capacities and processes such as personality and intelligence. | 58 | |
| 7843337101 | Hawthorne Effect | This is the term for the changes in behavior by people and other animals when they know that they are being observed. | 59 | |
| 7843337102 | Appropriate, Beneficial, Caring | Name the ABCs of Animal Research. | 60 | |
| 7843337104 | Construct Validity | This refers to how well a test or tool measures what it was designed to measure. | 61 | |
| 7843337105 | Concurrent Validity | This is when you find out the results immediately after the test is given. | 62 | |
| 7843337106 | Predictive | This is when you have to wait for the results. | 63 | |
| 7843337107 | Phrenology | This is the disproven notion that mental abilities such as intelligence levels and personality traits could be determined by the measurements of the outer skull. | 64 | |
| 7843337108 | False Consensus Effect | This is the tendency to believe that most people have similar likes and interests as we do. | 65 | |
| 7843337109 | Type 1 | This is when a researcher believes a finding occurred because of a systematic change but it's is actually just random fluctuation. | 66 | |
| 7843337110 | Conceptual Definition | This is issue being studied (hypothesis). | 67 | |
| 7843337111 | Operational Definition | This is the exact variables used to make replication possible. | 68 | |
| 7843337112 | Type 2 | This is when a researcher believes a mistake is because of random fluctuation but it is actually because of systematic changes | 69 | |
| 7843337113 | Informed Consent | This refers to telling someone in an experiment up front what is going to happen and any potential risks involved. | 70 | |
| 7843337114 | Demand Characteristics | These are subtle cues or signals by a researcher that communicates a kind of response or behavior expected of participates. | 71 | |
| 7843337115 | Group Matching | This is when everything is done correctly to get random groups, but they are still inaccurate by chance. | 72 | |
| 7843337116 | Debriefing | This refers to when you lie to a participant in an experiment and tell them after it is over what was really happening and why you deceived them. | 73 | |
| 7843337117 | Descriptive | This type of statistics describes a set of data. | 74 | |
| 7843337118 | Inferential | This type of statistics attempts to generalize from the actual data of a small group to an entire general population. | 75 | |
| 7843337119 | Positive Skewed | In this distribution, there are lots of low scores and one or two high scores. | 76 | |
| 7843337120 | Negative Skewed | In this distribution, there are lots of high scores and one or two low scores. | 77 | |
| 7843337121 | Standard Deviation | This is the variance of scores around the mean. | 78 | |
| 7843337122 | Z Score | This refers to the unit that measures the distance of the score from the mean. | 79 | |
| 7843337123 | Applied | This type of research has a clear, practical application. | 80 | |
| 7843337124 | Basic | This type of research answers something we are curious about, but it may not be useful. | 81 | |
| 7843337125 | Dependent Variable | This is whatever is being measured in an experiment. | 82 | |
| 7843337126 | Placebo | This is an inert substance used in place of the independent variable in the control group. | 83 | |
| 7843337127 | Placebo Effect | The fact that a certain percentage of the control group will get better anyway is known as what? | 84 | |
| 7843337128 | case study, naturalistic observation, survey | What are the three types of descriptive research? | 85 | |
| 7843337129 | Correlational, descriptive, experimental | What are the three types of research? | 86 | |
| 7843337130 | Survey | This can be used in experimental and correlational research. | 87 | |
| 7843337131 | Split Halves | This is reliability test where the test is divided into two parts and each part is scored separately to determine if the overall score is reliable. | 88 | |
| 7843337132 | Test Retest | This is when the test is administered twice and the scores are compared. | 89 | |
| 7843337133 | Inter Rater | This is a test of reliability to determine if the test results change when different administrators are used to give the test. | 90 | |
| 7843337134 | Aptitude | These tests are designed to predict future performance. | 91 | |
| 7843337135 | Longitudinal | This type of study examines subjects over a period of many years. | 92 | |
| 7843337136 | Cross sectional | This study examines a section of the population for a specific period of time. | 93 | |
| 7843337137 | cohort sequential | This study examines a cross section of the population and each cohort is followed for a period of time. | 94 | |
| 7843337138 | 68 | In a normal distribution for intelligence, what percentage of the population will fall between 85 and 115? | 95 | |
| 7843337139 | 96 | In a normal distribution for intelligence, what percentage of the population will fall between 70 and 130? | 96 | |
| 7843337140 | 99 | In a normal distribution for intelligence, what percentage of the population will fall between 55 and 145? | 97 | |
| 7843337141 | -3 | What is the z score for an IQ of 55? | 98 | |
| 7843337142 | Meta Analysis | This is a statistical technique for evaluating hypotheses by detecting the General conclusions found in data from different experiments. | 99 | |
| 7843337143 | mean, median, mode | What are the measures of central tendency? | 100 | |
| 7843337144 | range, standard deviation | What are the measures of variation? | 101 | |
| 7843337145 | Range | This measure of variation is most affected by an outlier. | 102 | |
| 7843337146 | Mean | this measure of central tendency is most affected by an outlier. | 103 | |
| 7843337147 | Mean | this is the average | 104 | |
| 7843337148 | mode | this is the number that occurs most often | 105 | |
| 7843337149 | median | this is the middle number when you line the points u | 106 | |
| 7843337150 | range | this is the highest number subtracted by the lowest number | 107 | |
| 7843337151 | replication | this is the term for doing an experiment again using the same operational definitions and procedures as it was originally done. | 108 | |
| 7843337152 | stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype | 109 | |
| 7843337153 | statistical significance | this refers to the mathematical methods used to determine how likely it is that a study's outcome is due to chance or whether its outcome can be legitimately generalized into a larger population. | 110 | |
| 7843337154 | guthrie | this psychologist brought attention to white bias in psychology with 'Even the Rat Was White' | 111 | |
| 7843337159 | Fluid | this type of intelligence is the ability to solve problems quickly and think abstractly | 112 | |
| 7843337160 | hindsight bias | this refers to when someone believes that they knew something was going to happen all along, after it happens. | 113 | |
| 7843337161 | random selection | every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as a participant in research | 114 | |
| 7843337162 | random sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion | 115 | |
| 7843337163 | random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance | 116 | |
| 7843337164 | stratified sample | this is a specific type of random sample where each demographic is represented according to their percentage of the experimental population | 117 | |
| 7843337165 | null hypothesis | a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong | 118 | |
| 7843337166 | 5 | this is the percentage needed for a statistical significance | 119 | |
| 7843337167 | Blind Experiment | Test in which subjects are not aware of exactly what they are predicted to experience. | 120 | |
| 7843337168 | Double Blind Experiment | This is a test when neither the subjects nor those observing the subjects know which subjects are in which group. | 121 | |
| 7843337169 | Percentile Scores | Ms. Collins checked to see what percentage of scores in her classes were at or below a 75. What is she checking? | 122 | |
| 7843337170 | Frequency Distribution | A graphical representation of measurements arranged by the number of times each measurement was made. | 123 | |
| 7843337171 | Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon | These psychologists created the first intelligence test. | 124 | |
| 7843337172 | Bar Graph | Gaps |  | 125 |
| 7843337173 | Histogram | No Gaps |  | 126 |
| 7843337174 | Frequency Polygon |  | 127 | |
| 7843337175 | Mild | This level of intellectual disability is between 69-50 | 128 | |
| 7843337176 | Mild | This level of intellectual disability functions at about a 6th grade level | 129 | |
| 7843337177 | Moderate | This level of intellectual disability is between 49-35 | 130 | |
| 7843337178 | Moderate | This level of intellectual disability functions at about a 2nd grade level. | 131 | |
| 7843337179 | Severe | This level of intellectual disability is between 34-20 | 132 | |
| 7843337180 | Severe | This level of intellectual disability functions just by being able to talk and having limited skills. | 133 | |
| 7843337181 | Profound | This level of intellectual disability is below 19 | 134 | |
| 7843337182 | Profound | This level of intellectual disability cannot function with constant supervision and help. | 135 | |
| 7843447455 | Population | This refers to all of the people who could possibly participate in an experiment. | 136 | |
| 7843462595 | Overconfidence | This refers to the idea that we tend to think we know more than we do. | 137 | |
| 7843466065 | Naturalistic Observation | This is the type of descriptive research where a scientist watches and records subjects in their environment. | 138 | |
| 7843472110 | Case Study | This is the type of descriptive research where one person (or situation) is studied in depth. | 139 | |
| 7843478548 | Biased Sample | This is when research participants from a population did not have an equal chance of being chosen. | 140 | |
| 7843485590 | Quasi Experiment | This is when the dependent variable is measured but random assignment to groups is not possible. | 141 | |
| 7843510116 | Ex Post Facto | This is research in which subjects are chosen based on a pre-existing condition | 142 | |
| 7843531878 | Personal Bias | The researcher allowing their own beliefs affect the outcome of a study. | 143 | |
| 7843534406 | Order Effects | This refers to the fact that everyone has to do everything in the same order. | 144 | |
| 7843541669 | Correlational | This type of research detects relationships between variables | 145 | |
| 7843544963 | Illusory Correlation | The tendency to see relationships between events that are actually unrelated. | 146 | |
| 7843556606 | Positive | This type of correlation is when variables go in the same direction | 147 | |
| 7843559308 | Negative | This type of correlation is when variables go in opposite directions | 148 | |
| 7843567673 | Bell Curve | This is another name for normal distribution | 149 | |
| 7843567674 | Normal Distribution | This is when the mean, median, and mode are all the same. | 150 | |
| 7843586552 | Regression Toward the Mean | This is the tendency for extreme scores to fall back toward the average. | 151 | |
| 7843591933 | Internal Review Board (IRB) | This is the oversight body in each institution, enforcing ethical guidelines for research | 152 | |
| 7843605535 | Intelligence | This is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. | 153 | |
| 7843608139 | Thomas Bouchard | This man studied nature v. nurture in his Minnesota Twin Study | 154 | |
| 7843611085 | Minnesota Twin Study | This is also called the Bouchard Study; conducted to find a correlation between identical twins raised apart but acting the same. | 155 | |
| 7843615465 | Raymond Cattell | This psychologist identified two types of intelligence/ | 156 | |
| 7843617374 | L. L. Thurstone | This psychologist created distinct abilities called primary mental abilities; a pioneer in factor analysis | 157 | |
| 7843634958 | Primary Mental Abilities | Perceptual speed, memory, word comprehension, word fluency, number facility, inductive reasoning, space. | 158 | |
| 7843644334 | Emotional Intelligence (EQ) | This is the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions; intrapersonal and interpersonal | 159 | |
| 7843651645 | IQ | (Mental age / chronological age * 100) is a formula for what? | 160 | |
| 7843672472 | David Wechsler | This psychologist came up with a different way to give IQ test using the same scoring system. | 161 | |
| 7843674040 | WAIS | This is the adult Wechsler test | 162 | |
| 7843679358 | WISC | This is the Wechsler test for children | 163 | |
| 7843681584 | WPPSI | This is the Wechsler test for preschool/ primary age children | 164 | |
| 7843686538 | Wechsler Test | This is the most commonly used IQ test | 165 | |
| 7843690380 | Standardization | A test must be pre tested to a representative sample of people and form a normal distribution or bell curve. | 166 | |
| 7843692887 | Flynn Effect | This refers to the fact that intelligence test performance has been rising | 167 | |
| 7843695957 | Mensa | This is an organization of the most gifted minds. | 168 | |
| 7843704366 | Artificial Intelligence | This is a field that studies how computers imitate human perception, understand, and thought. | 169 |
