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| A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. | ||
| The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. | ||
| The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month. | ||
| The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth. | ||
| Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. | ||
| Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions. | ||
| A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple. | ||
| Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. | ||
| Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. | ||
| A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. | ||
| Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. | ||
| Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. | ||
| All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | ||
| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. | ||
| The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. | ||
| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6-7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. | ||
| The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. | ||
| In Piaget's Theory, the inability of the preoperational child to take another's point of view. | ||
| People's ideas about their own and others' mental states- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict. | ||
| A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind. | ||
| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. | ||
| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. | ||
| The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age. | ||
| An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. | ||
| An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. | ||
| The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. | ||
| According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. | ||
| A sense of one's identity and personal worth. | ||
| The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. | ||
| The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. | ||
| The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible. | ||
| Nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair. | ||
| The first menstrual period. | ||
| One's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. | ||
| In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. | ||
| The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability ro reproduce declines. | ||
| A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical functioning. | ||
| A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. | ||
| Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period. | ||
| One's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. | ||
| One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. | ||
| The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. |
