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| 37760611 | environment | every non genetic influence from prenatal nutrition to our surroundings | |
| 37760612 | behavior genetics | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior | |
| 37760613 | chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. | |
| 37760614 | DNA | a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes | |
| 37760615 | genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein | |
| 37760616 | genome | complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes | |
| 37760617 | identical twins | twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organism's chromosomes | |
| 37760618 | fraternal twins | twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters but they share a fetal environment | |
| 37760619 | temperament | a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | |
| 37760620 | heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. | |
| 37760621 | interaction | when one factor depends on another factor | |
| 37760622 | molecular genetics | subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes | |
| 37760623 | evolutionary psychology | study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection | |
| 37760624 | natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations | |
| 37760625 | mutation | a random error in gene replication that leads to a change | |
| 37760626 | gender | the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female | |
| 37760627 | culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next | |
| 37760628 | norm | an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. norms describe "proper" behavior | |
| 37760629 | personal space | the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies | |
| 37760630 | individualism | giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification | |
| 37760631 | collectivism | giving priority to the goals of ones group and defining one's identity accordingly | |
| 37760632 | aggression | physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone | |
| 37760633 | X chromosome | sex chromosome found in both men and women. (females have 2, men have 1.) | |
| 37760634 | Y chromosome | the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child. | |
| 37760635 | testosterone | the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty | |
| 37760636 | role | a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave | |
| 37760637 | gender role | a set of expected behaviors for males and for females | |
| 37760638 | gender identity | one's sense of being male or female | |
| 37760639 | gender-typing | the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role | |
| 37760640 | social learning theory | the theory that we learn social behaviors by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished | |
| 37760641 | gender schema theory | the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male or female and they adjust their behaviors accordingly | |
| 37760642 | zygote | the fertilized eggs; 2 week period of cell division | |
| 37760643 | embryo | 2weeks-second month.. developing human organism | |
| 37760644 | fetus | developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth | |
| 37760645 | teratogens | agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm | |
| 37760646 | fetal alcohol syndrome | physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions | |
| 37760647 | rooting reflex | a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple | |
| 37760648 | maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience | |
| 37760649 | schema | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | |
| 37760650 | assimilation | interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones schemas | |
| 37760651 | accommodation | adapting one's schemas to incorporate new info | |
| 37760652 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating | |
| 37760653 | theory of mind | peoples ideas about their own and others mental states (feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and behaviors) | |
| 37760654 | autism | a disorder that appears in childhood is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others state of mind | |
| 37760655 | attachment | An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. | |
| 37760656 | critical period | an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | |
| 37760657 | imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | |
| 37760658 | basic trust | according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers | |
| 37767843 | adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood; extending from puberty to independence | |
| 37767844 | puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing | |
| 37767845 | primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible | |
| 37767846 | secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair | |
| 37767847 | menarche | the first menstrual period | |
| 37767848 | identity | one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles | |
| 37767849 | intimacy | in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood | |
| 37767850 | menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines | |
| 37767851 | alzheimer's disease | an irreversible, progressive brain disorder, characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually, physical functioning | |
| 37767852 | cross sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another | |
| 37767853 | longitudinal study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period. | |
| 37767854 | crystallized intelligence | ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age | |
| 37767855 | fluid intelligence | ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood | |
| 37767856 | social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parent hood and retirement |
