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| 13507905953 | somatic symptom disorders | psychological problems in which there are symptoms of a physical disorder without a physical cause |  | 0 |
| 13507905954 | biopsychosocial model | a view of mental disorders as caused by a combination of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors |  | 1 |
| 13507905955 | neurobiological model | a modern name for the medical model, in which psychological disorders are seen as reflecting disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and in other biological processes | 2 | |
| 13507905956 | anxiety disorder | a condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive |  | 3 |
| 13507905957 | phobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction | 4 | |
| 13507905958 | specific phobia | an anxiety disorder involving fear and avoidance of heights, animals, and other specific stimuli and situations |  | 5 |
| 13507905959 | post-traumatic stress disorder | a pattern of adverse reactions following a traumatic and threatening event; not an anxiety disorder | 6 | |
| 13507905960 | social phobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fears relating to social situations | 7 | |
| 13507905961 | agoraphobia | an anxiety disorder involving strong fear of being alone or away from the security of home | 8 | |
| 13507905962 | generalized anxiety disorder | a condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety that is focused on any particular object or situation; | 9 | |
| 13507905963 | panic disorder | an anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks | 10 | |
| 13507905964 | obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | a disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals; not considered an anxiety disorder | 11 | |
| 13507905965 | panic attacks | attacks marked by intense heart palpitations, pressure or pain in the chest, dizziness or unsteadiness, sweating, and a feeling of faintness | 12 | |
| 13507905966 | obsessions | persistent, upsetting, and unwanted thoughts | 13 | |
| 13507905967 | compulsions | ritualistic, repetitive behaviors | 14 | |
| 13507905968 | functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder) | a somatic symptom disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause | 15 | |
| 13507905969 | Illness Anxiety Disorder (hypochondriasis) | a somatic symptom disorder involving strong, unjustified fear of physical illness | 16 | |
| 13507905970 | somatic symptom disorder | disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness; specific symptoms fall into 4 categories (GI, neurological, sexual and pain) | 17 | |
| 13507905971 | dissociative disorders | rare conditions that involve sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person's memory, consciousness, or identity | 18 | |
| 13507905972 | dissociative fugue | a dissociative disorder involving sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale usually due to trauma | 19 | |
| 13507905973 | dissociative amnesia | a dissociative disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory due to psychological causes |  | 20 |
| 13507905974 | dissociative identity disorder (DID) | a dissociative disorder in which a person reports having more than one identity; also called multiple personality disorder |  | 21 |
| 13507905975 | mood disorder | conditions in which a person experiences extreme moods, such as depression or mania; also called affective disorder | 22 | |
| 13507905976 | major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months | 23 | |
| 13507905977 | delusions | false beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or extreme depression | 24 | |
| 13507905978 | dysthymic disorder | a mood disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years |  | 25 |
| 13507905979 | mania | an elated, very active emotional state | 26 | |
| 13507905980 | bipolar I disorder | a mood disorder in which a person alternates between deep depression and mania; also called manic depression | 27 | |
| 13507905981 | bipolar II disorder | a mood disorder in which a person alternates between major depressive episodes and hypomania episodes |  | 28 |
| 13507905982 | hypomania | less severe manic phases | 29 | |
| 13507905983 | cyclothymic disorder | a less severe form of bipolar I disorder that usually lasts for a long period of time (years) |  | 30 |
| 13507905984 | seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | during months of shorter daylight, patients experience severe depression, accompanied by irritability and excessive sleeping |  | 31 |
| 13507905985 | schizophrenia | a severe and disabling pattern of disturbed thinking emotion, perception, and behavior |  | 32 |
| 13507905986 | neologisms | "new words" that have meaning only to the person speaking them | 33 | |
| 13507905987 | loose associations | the tendency for one thought to be logically unconnected, or slightly related, to the next | 34 | |
| 13507905988 | clang associations | associations based on double meanings or on the way words sound | 35 | |
| 13507905989 | hallucinations | a symptom of disorder in which people perceive voices or other stimuli when there are no stimuli present |  | 36 |
| 13507905990 | positive symptoms | schizophrenic symptoms such as disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions | 37 | |
| 13507905991 | negative symptoms | schizophrenic symptoms such as absence of pleasure, lack of speech, and flat effect |  | 38 |
| 13507905992 | paranoid personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by suspiciousness and distrust of others, all of whom are assumed to be hostile | 39 | |
| 13507905993 | schizoid personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by detachment from social relationships; restricted range of emotion |  | 40 |
| 13507905994 | schizotypal personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by detachment from, and great discomfort in, social relationships; odd perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors | 41 | |
| 13507905995 | dependent personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by helplessness; excessive need to be taken care of; submissive and clinging behavior; difficulty in making decisions |  | 42 |
| 13507905996 | obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control |  | 43 |
| 13507905997 | avoidant personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by inhibition in social situations; feelings of inadequacy; oversensitivity to criticism |  | 44 |
| 13507905998 | histrionic personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior | 45 | |
| 13507905999 | narcissistic personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance | 46 | |
| 13507906000 | borderline personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures |  | 47 |
| 13507906001 | antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by shameless disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights | 48 | |
| 13507906002 | odd-eccentric cluster | often referred to as cluster A, which includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders | 49 | |
| 13507906003 | dramatic-erratic cluster | often referred to as cluster B, which includes histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders | 50 | |
| 13507906004 | anxious-fearful cluster | often referred to as cluster C, which includes dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant personality disorders |  | 51 |
| 13507906005 | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | patients diagnosed with this disorder are impulsive and unable to concentrate on an activity as well as other children their age can | 52 | |
| 13507906006 | substance-related disorders | the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others |  | 53 |
| 13507906007 | Philippe Pinel | In 1795 Pinel assumed the responsibility for the mental patients at l'Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, where he continued his policy of nonrestraint and brought about many significant and far-reaching reforms in the care and treatment of mental patients. Humane treatment under the watchful eye of trained and compassionate personnel in the institution made possible the recovery of many otherwise doomed patients. Pinel also introduced the practice of keeping case histories, which proved a valuable source of information in later efforts to understand insanity. |  | 54 |
| 13507906008 | Martin Seligman | an American psychologist and author of self-help books. His theory of "learned helplessness" is widely respected among scientific psychologists.[1] He is the director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania | 55 | |
| 13507906009 | Diathesis-stress approach | Disorders are a result of predisposed, bioloogical factors triggered by the environment. | 56 | |
| 13507906010 | anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves | 57 | |
| 13507906011 | attributional style | The way a person typically explains the things that happen in his or her life | 58 | |
| 13507906012 | Autism Spectrum Disorder | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors | 59 | |
| 13507906013 | binge eating disorder | an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively | 60 | |
| 13507906014 | bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise | 61 | |
| 13507906015 | catatonia | a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms, found in some forms of schizophrenia, which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing | 62 | |
| 13507906017 | delusions of grandeur | A false belief that one is a famous person or a powerful or important person who has some great knowledge, ability, or authority. | 63 | |
| 13507906018 | delusions of persecution | the belief that people are out to get you | 64 | |
| 13507906019 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | lists symptoms of disorders determined by observable details | 65 | |
| 13507906020 | Diathesis Stress Model | looks at the predisposition of a person to determine if they may be likely to experience a mental disorder. Mental disorders then often triggered by stress. | 66 | |
| 13507906021 | dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia | idea that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapses in certain brain areas | 67 | |
| 13507906023 | eclectic approach | an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy | 68 | |
| 13507906025 | flat affect | a lack of emotional responsiveness | 69 | |
| 13507906026 | gender dysphoria disorder | sometimes a child's anatomical sex and their gender typing do not match well(rare condition), happens in early to middle childhood | 70 | |
| 13507906027 | inappropriate affect | Display of emotions that are unsuited to the situation; a symptom of schizophrenia. | 71 | |
| 13507906028 | Insanity | A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to conform his or her behavior to the law. | 72 | |
| 13507906030 | learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events | 73 | |
| 13507906032 | optimistic explanatory style | believing negative events are temporary and specific | 74 | |
| 13507906033 | pessimistic explanatory style | a tendency to explain bad events that happen in a self-blaming manner, viewing their causes as global and stable | 75 | |
| 13507906034 | psychotic disorder | a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions | 76 | |
| 13507906035 | Rosenhan Study | study in which healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals after saying they were hearing voices. Once in, they acted normally and still were not labeled as impostors. shows danger of diagnostic labeling. | 77 | |
| 13507906037 | Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood. Low levels associated with depression. | 78 | |
| 13507906038 | substance use disorder | continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk | 79 | |
| 13507906039 | tardive dyskinesia | A side effect of long-term use of traditional antipsychotic drugs causing the person to have uncontrollable facial tics, grimaces, and other involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and tongue. | 80 | |
| 13507906040 | waxy flexibility | maintenance of posture or position over time even when it is awkward or uncomfortable | 81 | |
| 13507906041 | word salad | jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia | 82 |
