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| 10745989335 | Acetylcholine (ach) | Abundant neurotransmitter that enables learning, memory and also triggers muscle contraction. | 0 | |
| 10745989336 | Action potential | A neural impulse: a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon, The action potential is generated by the movement of positively changed atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane. | 1 | |
| 10745989337 | Adrenal glands | A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. | 2 | |
| 10745989338 | Agonist | Excite neurons by mimicking natural neurotransmitters. (pretends to be something else); example: heroin | 3 | |
| 10745989339 | Alzheimer's disease | A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory due to lack of acetylcholine | 4 | |
| 10745989340 | Amygdala | Two lima bean-sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion. |  | 5 |
| 10745989341 | Antagonist | Inhibit neural impulses by blocking receptor sites or diminishing their release; examples include Botox and curare | 6 | |
| 10745989342 | Aphasia | Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). |  | 7 |
| 10745989343 | Association areas | Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions: rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. | 8 | |
| 10745989344 | Autonomic nervous system | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses: its parasympathetic division calms. | 9 | |
| 10745989345 | Axon | The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons of to muscles or glands. |  | 10 |
| 10745989348 | Brainstem | The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull: the brain-stem is responsible for automatic survival functions. |  | 11 |
| 10745989349 | Central nervous system (CNS) | The brain and spinal cord. |  | 12 |
| 10745989350 | Cerebellum | The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brain-stem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. |  | 13 |
| 10745989351 | Cerebral cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres: the body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |  | 14 |
| 10745989352 | Corpus callosum | The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |  | 15 |
| 10745989353 | Dendrites | The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |  | 16 |
| 10746078162 | Dopamine | A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system; too much- schizophrenic hallucinations; too little- parkinson's disease | 17 | |
| 10745989354 | Electroencephalogram (EEG) | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. | 18 | |
| 10745989355 | Endocrine system | The body's 'slow" chemical communication system:set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. | 19 | |
| 10745989356 | Endorphins | "Morphine within"-natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to plain control and to pleasure. | 20 | |
| 10745989357 | Forebrain | The largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including he thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. |  | 21 |
| 10745989358 | glial cells | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protects neurons; white matter of the brain | 22 | |
| 10745989359 | Hindbrain | Includes the cerebellum and two structures found in the lower part of the brain-stem, the medulla and pons. |  | 23 |
| 10745989360 | Hormones | Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and effect another. | 24 | |
| 10745989361 | Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus: is directs several maintenance activities (eating,drinking,body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion. |  | 25 |
| 10745989362 | Interneurons | Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs; located in spinal cord and brain |  | 26 |
| 10745989363 | Lesioning | Tissue destruction, a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue. | 27 | |
| 10745989364 | Limbic system | A doughnut-shaped system of neuronal structures at the border of the brain-stem and cerebral hemispheres: associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus and dopamine-rich reward pathways for addiction. |  | 28 |
| 10745989365 | (MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging | A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissues: allows us to see structures within the brain. | 29 | |
| 10745989366 | Medulla | The base of the brain-stem: controls heartbeat and breathing. |  | 30 |
| 10745989367 | FMRI- Functional MRI | A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain actity by comparing successive MRI scans. MRI scans show brain anatomy: FMRI scans show brain function. | 31 | |
| 10745989369 | Myelin sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers pf many neurons: enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. |  | 32 |
| 10745989370 | Depolarization | The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive (Moves to +40 mV) |  | 33 |
| 10746059108 | Repolarization | Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell (Moves back towards -70 mV) |  | 34 |
| 10745989371 | Neural networks | Interconnected neural cells. With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. Computer stimulation's or neural networks show analogous learning. |  | 35 |
| 10745989372 | Neuron | A nerve cell: the basic building block of the nervous system |  | 36 |
| 10745989373 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing weather that neuron will generate a neural impulse. |  | 37 |
| 10745989374 | Parasympathetic nervous system | The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |  | 38 |
| 10745989375 | Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. |  | 39 |
| 10745989376 | Pituitary gland | The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. Master gland | 40 | |
| 10745989377 | Brain Plasticity | The brain's capacity for modification, s evidence in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experiments on brain development. | 41 | |
| 10745989378 | (PET) Positron emission tomography | A visual display of the brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. | 42 | |
| 10745989379 | Reflex Arc | A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus; Sensory-Afferent-Interneurons-Efferent-Effectors | 43 | |
| 10745989380 | Resting potential | Neuron is in its normal, resting state. Ions within the cell give the axon a small negative charge, fluid outside is positive charged. | 44 | |
| 10745989381 | Reticular Formation | A nerve network in the brain-stem that plays an important role in controlling alertness and arousal. |  | 45 |
| 10746086103 | Reuptake | process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles | 46 | |
| 10745989382 | Somatic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system. | 47 | |
| 10745989385 | Synapse | The gap at the junction of the axon terminal and the dendrite. |  | 48 |
| 10745989383 | sympathetic nervous system | The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations; fight or flight | | 49 |
| 10745989386 | Terminal buttons | Enlarged area at the end of the axon; contains the synaptic vesicle. |  | 50 |
| 10745989387 | Thalamus | The brains sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brain-stem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. |  | 51 |
| 10745989388 | Threshold | The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. | 52 | |
| 10745989389 | motor neurons | a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland. | 53 | |
| 10745989390 | Broca's Area | part of the brain that is responsible for speech production; located in the left frontal lobe | 54 | |
| 10745989391 | Wernicke's area | part of the brain that is responsible for understanding spoken language; located in the left temporal lobe | 55 | |
| 10745989392 | split brain patients | corpus collosum is severed due to epileptic seizures resulting in the two hemispheres of the brain not communicating as effectively | 56 | |
| 10745989393 | afferent neurons | carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. | 57 | |
| 10745989394 | efferent neurons | Neurons that send impulses from the central nervous system to your limbs and organs | 58 | |
| 10745989395 | neuron firing order | dendrite--soma---axon--terminal button | 59 | |
| 10745989396 | occipital lobe | Helps to process vision | 60 | |
| 10745989397 | temporal lobe | mainly revolves around hearing and selective listening and holding memories; right side reads facial expressions and recognizes faces. | 61 | |
| 10745989398 | frontal lobe | Contains the prefrontal cortex (decisions making, planning) and the motor cortex (movement) while helping with thinking, problem-solving and emotional control. | 62 | |
| 10745989399 | parietal lobe | Contains the somatosensory cortex and processes touch. | 63 | |
| 10745989400 | refractory period | the period immediately following the firing of a nerve fiber when it cannot be stimulated no matter how great a stimulus is applied | 64 | |
| 10745989402 | all or none principle | states that the strength of a response of a neuron or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a neuron or muscle fiber will fire. | 65 | |
| 10746087407 | Vessicles | Small, bubbly sacs located inside the terminal buttons that house the neurotransmitters and suck up excess neurotransmitters during the process of reuptake. | 66 | |
| 10746112039 | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS | 67 |
