Development through the life span
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| 43345827 | maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience | |
| 43345828 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | |
| 43345829 | schema | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | |
| 43345830 | assimilation | interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas | |
| 43345831 | accomodation | adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information | |
| 43345832 | sensorimotor stage | in Paiget's theory, the stage (birth to 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities | |
| 43345833 | object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived | |
| 43345834 | preoperational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage (2-7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic | |
| 43345835 | conservation | the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects | |
| 43345836 | egocentrism | the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view | |
| 43345837 | theory of mind | people's ideas about their own and others' mental stages - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughs, and the behaviors these might predict | |
| 43345838 | concrete operational stage | in Paiget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (7 to 11 years old) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events | |
| 43345839 | formal operational stage | in Paiget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts | |
| 43345840 | autism | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communications, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind | |
| 43345841 | stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age | |
| 43345842 | attachment | an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation | |
| 43345843 | critical period | an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | |
| 43345844 | imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | |
| 43345845 | basic trust | according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers | |
| 43345846 | self-concept | our understanding and evaluation of who we are | |
| 43345847 | adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence | |
| 43345848 | puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing | |
| 43345849 | primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible | |
| 43345850 | secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair | |
| 43345851 | menarche | the first menstrual period | |
| 43345852 | preconventional morality | before the age of 9, morality is focused on self-interest, obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards | |
| 43345853 | conventional morality | early adolescence, morality focuses on caring for others and upholding laws and social rules | |
| 43345854 | postconventional morality | abstract reasoning of formal operational thought, actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or self-defined, basic ethical principles | |
| 43345855 | identity | our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles | |
| 43345856 | social identity | the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships | |
| 43345857 | intimacy | in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood | |
| 43345858 | emerging adulthood | for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood | |
| 43345859 | menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines | |
| 43345860 | cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another | |
| 43345861 | longitudinal study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period | |
| 43345862 | crystalized intelligence | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age | |
| 43345863 | fluid intelligence | our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood | |
| 43345864 | social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
