Terms : Hide Images
| 7659919580 | Sensation | Detecting physical energy from the environment and encoding it as neural signals | 0 | |
| 7659956547 | sensation begins with | stimulus | 1 | |
| 7659919581 | Bottom-Up Processing | elements to a whole HUBEL AND WEISEL high specialized feature detectors 1.detect specific stimulus 2.combine specific features into more complex forms 3.recognize stimulus tim consuming |  | 2 |
| 7659919582 | Perception | Selecting, organizing, and interpreting what comes in your window as meaningful objects and events. | 3 | |
| 7661384070 | subjective contours | involves the perception of contours where none actually exists |  | 4 |
| 7659919583 | Top-Down Processing | whole to elements 1.formulate perceptual hypothesis about nature of stimulus as a whole 2.select and examine features to check hypothesis 3.recognize stimulus | 5 | |
| 7659919584 | Perceptual Adaptation | Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced field | 6 | |
| 7661396419 | gestalt psychology | whole is greater than sum of its parts | 7 | |
| 7661399282 | phi phenomenon | illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession |  | 8 |
| 7659919585 | Psychophysics | The study of how physical stimuli relates to our psychological experience | 9 | |
| 7659936497 | WHO PSYCHOPHYSICS | GUSTAV FECHNER | 10 | |
| 7659919586 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another | 11 | |
| 7659919587 | Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time | 12 | |
| 7661459026 | Depth perception | involves interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are rely on binocular and monocular cues | 13 | |
| 7659969125 | Hearing (ABT) | tick of watch under quiet conditions at 20 ft | 14 | |
| 7659960476 | Vision (ABT) | a candle flame seen at 30 miles on a dark clear night | 15 | |
| 7659973203 | Taste (ABT) | one teaspoon sugar in two gallons water | 16 | |
| 7659979363 | smell (ABT) | one drop of perfume diffused into the entire volume of a 6 room apartment | 17 | |
| 7659988644 | Touch (ABT) | the wing of a fly falling on your cheek from a distance of 1 cm | 18 | |
| 7660003486 | just noticeable difference analogy | radar HIT: detect signal when present MISS: dont detect signal when present FALSE ALARM: Detect signal when not present Correct rejection: no detect signal when it isn't there | 19 | |
| 7660394642 | receptive field visual cell | retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of that cell rate of firing increased by light in the center of its receptive field; decreased by light in receptive area | 20 | |
| 7659919588 | Difference Threshold (JND) | The minimum difference a person can detect between any 2 stimuli 50% of the time | 21 | |
| 7660031503 | subliminal perception | the registration of sensory input without conscious awareness WEAK EFFECTS | 22 | |
| 7660042585 | James Vicray | hidden pictures of eat popcorn increase in popcorn sales (most sexual) ILLEGAL | 23 | |
| 7660061478 | Karremans,Strobe,Claus | Lipton iced tea without awareness said they were thirsty Massar and Bunk:sexy and unattractive people=jealousy | 24 | |
| 7659919589 | Weber's Law | Difference thresholds differ by a constant percentage rather than a constant amount. | 25 | |
| 7659919590 | Signal Detection Theory | Predicts when we will detect weak stimuli amid background noise Depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and fatigue level | 26 | |
| 7659919591 | Subliminal Messages | Stimuli below one's absolute threshold Unconsciously sensed Works to an extent | 27 | |
| 7659919592 | Sensory Adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation | 28 | |
| 7660088245 | stay in kitchen don't remove garbage starts to smell bad after a while don't smell it pool cold then warm | sensory adaptation | 29 | |
| 7659919593 | Wavelength | Determines Hue distance between peaks | 30 | |
| 7660457988 | optic chiasm | point at which the optic nerves from the inside of each eye cross over then project to the opposite half of the brain signals from both eyes go to both hemispheres of the brain | 31 | |
| 7660485981 | after reaching optic chaism | optic nerve fibers diverge along two pathways: lateral geniculate supper colliculus | 32 | |
| 7660859649 | complementary colors | are pairs of colors that produces gray tones when mixed together color circle | 33 | |
| 7660868669 | afterimage | visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed complementary color no trichromatic | 34 | |
| 7660548026 | lateral geniculate | 90% axons connect to from retinas to synapses visual signals processed in LGN distributed in occipiatal lobe (makes up primary visual cortex) perception of: color.form,contrast, and motion, projects into thalamus, brain's major relay station | 35 | |
| 7660570134 | super colliculus | 2nd pathway from optic chiasm area in midbrain then to thalamus and occipital lobe perception:of motion,cordinationof visual input w other sensory input | 36 | |
| 7660624823 | HUBEL & WIESEL | discovered solution to cortical cells in occipital lobe respond to light micro electrodes on primary visual cortex to record action potentials from individual cells flash light projector slides had a crack in it when the slide removed the cell's receptive field and cell fired crazy in response to moving dark line | 37 | |
| 7660673530 | simple cells | respond best to a line of correct width,oritented at the correct angle, located in correct position of its receptor filed | 38 | |
| 7660684313 | complex cells | they respond to any position in receptive field; highly specialized | 39 | |
| 7660692663 | feature detectors | neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of a more complex stimuli | 40 | |
| 7660728754 | neaurons that respond to facial stimuli | may have adaption over evolution for animals | 41 | |
| 7660717574 | visual agnosia | an inability to recognize objects damage to ventral stream | 42 | |
| 7660738707 | prosopagnosia | inability to recognize familiar faces damage to neural circuits that are sensitive to face stimuli | 43 | |
| 7660771665 | Greebles | neurons that serve as face detectors rewired to be responsive to other visual forms BRAIN IS PLASTIC | 44 | |
| 7660705424 | after visual input processed in pvc | ventral stream: what objects are out there dorsal stream: where the objects are | 45 | |
| 7660099425 | purity | how varied the mix is | 46 | |
| 7660103182 | saturation | relative amount of whiteness in a color (intensity of color) gray to blue | 47 | |
| 7659919594 | Amplitude | Determines Brightness height | 48 | |
| 7660115690 | ultraviolet | insects see shorter wavelengths than humans (visible light) fish and reptiles see infared | 49 | |
| 7659919595 | Pupil | A small adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters rear chamber of eye pupils constricted let less light into eye dilated (opened more) let more light into eye image is less sharp; in dim light bc retina has the light so more visible |  | 50 |
| 7659919596 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil's opening |  | 51 |
| 7659919597 | Cornea | Protects the eye and bends light to provide focus |  | 52 |
| 7659919598 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus objects on the retina |  | 53 |
| 7659919599 | Accomodation | Lens changes shape to focus near or far images on the retina focus on a close subject lens of a eye fatter (rounder) far object (lens flatten out) | 54 | |
| 7659919600 | Retina | neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye; it absorbs light, processes images , and sends visual info back to the brain |  | 55 |
| 7660217621 | optic disk | hole in retina where optic fibers exit the eye run from retina to the brain | 56 | |
| 7659919601 | Optic Nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |  | 57 |
| 7659919602 | Blind Spot | The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye No receptor cells Brain fills the "hole" without permission |  | 58 |
| 7659919603 | Fovea | the tiny spot in center of the retina that contains only cones; visual acuity greatest at this spot move ur eyes so centered in fovea |  | 59 |
| 7659919604 | Acuity | Resolution | 60 | |
| 7659919605 | Nearsightedness | Too much curvature of the cornea/lens Near objects are more clear | 61 | |
| 7659919606 | Farsightedness | Not enough curvature of the cornea/lens Far objects are more clear | 62 | |
| 7659919607 | Rods | Retinal receptors that play a key role in night vision and peripheral vision 100x more sensitive dim light outnumber cones in periphery avery ur gaze up or below to area outside fovea less light;astronomers | 63 | |
| 7660296702 | dark adaptation | process in which eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination declining absolute threshold over time means you need less and less light to see complete after 30 minutes a lot in first 10 min ex:emerging from a dark theater on a sunny day squint to avoid light | 64 | |
| 7660325044 | light adaptation | process whereby the eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination (improves visual acuity) chemical changes in rods and cones but neural changes in receptors and elsewhere in retina | 65 | |
| 7659919608 | Cones | Retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina Detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations daylight vision and color vision do not respond well in dim light; more visual acuity sharpness and precise detail-than rods | 66 | |
| 7659919609 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain the respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angles, or movement | 67 | |
| 7659919610 | Parallel Processing | The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously | 68 | |
| 7659919611 | Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision | The eye has 3 types of color receptors (red, green, and blue) Cones work in 3's thomas young,Hermna helmholtz |  | 69 |
| 7659919612 | Color Blind | People who lack a chemical produced by one or more types of cones dichromats:only two types of color receptors three types: insesntitive red, green, or blue (not likely) | 70 | |
| 7659919614 | Wavelength | Pitch Measured in Hz (Hertz) | 71 | |
| 7659919613 | Opponent Process Theory of Color Vision | color perception depends on receptors that make opposite responses to three pairs of colors red vs green black vs white yellow vs blue explanation afterimage |  | 72 |
| 7661049862 | both theories explain color vision | George Wald eye has three types of cones sensitive to a different band of wavelengths three cones three diff colors receptors trichromatic theory | 73 | |
| 7661233732 | cells in retina,LGN,visual cortex respond | oppositely to red vs green black vs yellow ganglion excited by green inhibited by red | 74 | |
| 7661246449 | red | marks error and warning subjects with red book scored lower than subjects with green book (Elliot) | 75 | |
| 7661260385 | reversible figure | drawing that is compatible with two interpretations that can shift back and forth rabbit or duck | 76 | |
| 7661278274 | same visual input can result in radically different perceptions | no one to one correspondence exists between sensory and what you perceive duck or rabbit | 77 | |
| 7661286106 | perceptual set | readiness to percieve a stimulus in a certain way circus act of trained seal bias about how someone interprets sensory input | 78 | |
| 7661323482 | feature analysis | process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form lines ,edges, corners squares triangles stop signs bicycles | 79 | |
| 7661303182 | inattention blindness | involves failure to see visual objects or events because one's attention is found elsewhere watch a video lady wearing umbrella busy ex:automobile accidents | 80 | |
| 7659919615 | Amplitude | Loudness | 81 | |
| 7659919616 | Decibels | Unit of measurement for sound (dB) | 82 | |
| 7659919617 | Transduction in the Ear | Vibration/mechanical energy -> neural impulses | 83 | |
| 7659919618 | Hair Cells | Bent by the vibrations and transduce mechanical energy to neural impulses In the cochlea |  | 84 |
| 7659919619 | Frequency Theory | The theory that the rate of nerve impulses travelling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a sound (Explains low-pitch) | 85 | |
| 7659919620 | Place Theory | The theory that links pitch with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | 86 | |
| 7659919621 | Conduction Deafness | Caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |  | 87 |
| 7659919622 | Sensorineural Deafness | Caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves | | 88 |
| 7659919623 | Four Skin Senses | Pressure, Warmth, Cold, and Pain | 89 | |
| 7659919624 | Gate Control Theory of Pain | The spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass onto the brain | 90 | |
| 7659919625 | Five Taste Sensations | Sweet. Salty, Bitter, Sour, Umami | 91 | |
| 7659919626 | Gestalt Psychology | Emphasize the tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes |  | 92 |
| 7659919627 | Figure Ground Relationship | The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings |  | 93 |
| 7659919628 | Proximity | We group nearby objects together |  | 94 |
| 7659919629 | Similarity | We group similar objects together |  | 95 |
| 7659919630 | Continuity | We perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than disconnected ones |  | 96 |
| 7661413713 | perceptual hypothesis | an interference about what form could be responsible for a pattern of sensory stimulation trapezoidal image but u correctly guess a square | 97 | |
| 7659919631 | Connectedness | Uniform and Linked |  | 98 |
| 7659919632 | Depth Perception | The ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike the retina are 2D Allows us to judge distance | 99 | |
| 7659919633 | Monocular Cues | Available to either eye alone | 100 | |
| 7659919634 | Linear Perspective | Parallel lines appear to converge with distance The more they converge, the greater their perceived distance |  | 101 |
| 7659919635 | Interposition | If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer |  | 102 |
| 7659919636 | Relative Size | If we assume 2 objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away |  | 103 |
| 7659919637 | Relative Height | We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away |  | 104 |
| 7659919638 | Light and Shadow | Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes Dimmer seems farther away |  | 105 |
| 7659919639 | Binocular Cues | Depends on both eyes | 106 | |
| 7661489209 | linear perspective | depth cue reflecting the fact that lines converge in the distance | 107 | |
| 7659919641 | Phi Phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession | | 108 |
| 7661525632 | height in plane | distant objects appear higher in picture | 109 | |
| 7661542136 | visual illusion | involves an apparently inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality | 110 | |
| 7661537685 | perceptual constancy | tendency to experience a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input | 111 | |
| 7659919642 | Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change Consistent shape, size, lightness, and color | 112 | |
| 7661520515 | texture gradients | provide info on depth | 113 | |
| 7661507865 | convergence | involves sensing the eyes converging toward each other as they focus on closer objects | 114 | |
| 7659919640 | Retinal Disparity | By comparing the images from the retinas in the 2 eyes, the brain computes distance Greater the difference/disparity the closer the object binocular depth cue |  | 115 |
| 7659919643 | Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another | 116 | |
| 7661436776 | necker cube | front or rear which face context guides peoples hypotheses |  | 117 |
| 7661448324 | the cat | see an h in first one and a a in second created by top down processing | 118 | |
| 7659919644 | Extrasensory Perception (ESP) | Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input | 119 | |
| 7659919645 | Telepathy | One person sending thoughts to another or perceiving another's thoughts |  | 120 |
| 7659919646 | Clairvoyance | Perceiving remote events |  | 121 |
| 7659919647 | Precognition | Perceiving future events | 122 | |
| 7659919648 | Psychokinesis | "Mind over matter" |  | 123 |
| 7659919649 | Visual Capture | The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses | 124 | |
| 7659919650 | Papillae | Tiny bumps on the surface of the tongue covered in taste buds |  | 125 |
| 7659919651 | 5 Taste Sensations | Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami | 126 | |
| 7659919652 | Olfactory Bulb | Brain structure responsible for our sense of smell Processes info about odors after receiving sensory input form the nose |  | 127 |
| 7659919653 | Kinesthetic Sense | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts | 128 | |
| 7659919654 | Vestibular Sense | The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance | 129 | |
| 7659919655 | Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus | 130 | |
| 7659919656 | Cocktail Party Effect | Being able to focus one's attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli | 131 | |
| 7660363037 | optic nerve | collections of axons from ganglion cells that connect eye with brain axon depart from eye through optic disk carry visual info neural impulses to brain | 132 | |
| 7659919657 | Inattentional Blindness | Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere | 133 | |
| 7659919658 | Change Blindness | Failing to notice change in the environment | 134 | |
| 7659919659 | Visual Cliff Experiment | Tested depth perception in infants | 135 | |
| 7659919660 | Human Factors Psychology | A branch of psychology the explore how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use | 136 | |
| 7659919661 | Parapsychology | The study of paranormal phenomena Including ESP and Psychokinesis | 137 | |
| 7659919662 | Decibels | Unit of measurement for sound (dB) | 138 | |
| 7659919663 | Transduction in the Ear | 139 | ||
| 7660789431 | subtractive color mixing | moving some wavelengths flight,leaving less light thanks originally there paints yellow blue block out certain wavelengths middle green |  | 140 |
| 7660803591 | additive color mixing | superimposing lights, putting motor light in the mixture than exists in any one light itself lights red, green,blue |  | 141 |
