Terms : Hide Images
| 8184127099 | Sensation | Detecting physical energy from the environment and encoding it as neural signals | 0 | |
| 8184127100 | Bottom-Up Processing | Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information. Externally Driven. | 1 | |
| 8184127101 | Perception | Selecting, organizing, and interpreting what comes in your window as meaningful objects and events. | 2 | |
| 8184127102 | Top-Down Processing | Guided by higher level mental processes, such as experience, motivation, and expectations | 3 | |
| 8184127103 | Perceptual Adaptation | Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced field | 4 | |
| 8184127104 | Psychophysics | The study of how physical energy relates to our psychological experience | 5 | |
| 8184127105 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another | 6 | |
| 8184127106 | Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time | 7 | |
| 8184127107 | Difference Threshold (JND) | The minimum difference a person can detect between any 2 stimuli 50% of the time | 8 | |
| 8184127108 | Weber's Law | Difference thresholds differ by a constant percentage rather than a constant amount. | 9 | |
| 8184127109 | Signal Detection Theory | Predicts when we will detect weak stimuli amid background noise Depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and fatigue level | 10 | |
| 8184127110 | Subliminal Messages | Stimuli below one's absolute threshold Unconsciously sensed Works to an extent | 11 | |
| 8184127111 | Sensory Adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation | 12 | |
| 8184127112 | Wavelength | Determines Hue | 13 | |
| 8184127113 | Amplitude | Determines Brightness | 14 | |
| 8184127114 | Pupil | A small adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters |  | 15 |
| 8184127115 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil's opening |  | 16 |
| 8184127116 | Cornea | Protects the eye and bends light to provide focus |  | 17 |
| 8184127117 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus objects on the retina |  | 18 |
| 8184127118 | Accomodation | Lens changes shape to focus near or far images on the retina | 19 | |
| 8184127119 | Retina | Light sensitive inner surface of the eye containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |  | 20 |
| 8184127120 | Optic Nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |  | 21 |
| 8184127121 | Blind Spot | The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye No receptor cells Brain fills the "hole" without permission |  | 22 |
| 8184127122 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina |  | 23 |
| 8184127123 | Acuity | Resolution | 24 | |
| 8184127124 | Nearsightedness | Too much curvature of the cornea/lens Near objects are more clear | 25 | |
| 8184127125 | Farsightedness | Not enough curvature of the cornea/lens Far objects are more clear | 26 | |
| 8184127126 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey Necessary for peripheral vision | 27 | |
| 8184127127 | Cones | Retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina Detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations | 28 | |
| 8184127128 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain the respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angles, or movement | 29 | |
| 8184127129 | Parallel Processing | The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously | 30 | |
| 8184127130 | Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision | The eye has 3 types of color receptors (red, green, and blue) Cones work in 3's |  | 31 |
| 8184127131 | Color Blind | People who lack a chemical produced by one or more types of cones | 32 | |
| 8184127132 | Opponent Process Theory of Color Vision | Certain neurons can be either excited or inhibited depending on the wavelength of light Complementary wavelengths have opposite effects. |  | 33 |
| 8184127133 | Wavelength | Pitch Measured in Hz (Hertz) | 34 | |
| 8184127134 | Amplitude | Loudness | 35 | |
| 8184127135 | Decibels | Unit of measurement for sound (dB) | 36 | |
| 8184127136 | Transduction in the Ear | Vibration/mechanical energy -> neural impulses | 37 | |
| 8184127137 | Hair Cells | Bent by the vibrations and transduce mechanical energy to neural impulses In the cochlea |  | 38 |
| 8184127138 | Frequency Theory | The theory that the rate of nerve impulses travelling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a sound (Explains low-pitch) | 39 | |
| 8184127139 | Place Theory | The theory that links pitch with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | 40 | |
| 8184127140 | Conduction Deafness | Caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |  | 41 |
| 8184127141 | Sensorineural Deafness | Caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves | | 42 |
| 8184127142 | Four Skin Senses | Pressure, Warmth, Cold, and Pain | 43 | |
| 8184127143 | Gate Control Theory of Pain | The spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass onto the brain | 44 | |
| 8184127144 | Five Taste Sensations | Sweet. Salty, Bitter, Sour, Umami | 45 | |
| 8184127145 | Gestalt Psychology | Emphasize the tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes |  | 46 |
| 8184127146 | Figure Ground Relationship | The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings |  | 47 |
| 8184127147 | Proximity | We group nearby objects together |  | 48 |
| 8184127148 | Similarity | We group similar objects together |  | 49 |
| 8184127149 | Continuity | We perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than disconnected ones |  | 50 |
| 8184127150 | Connectedness | Uniform and Linked |  | 51 |
| 8184127151 | Depth Perception | The ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike the retina are 2D Allows us to judge distance | 52 | |
| 8184127152 | Monocular Cues | Available to either eye alone | 53 | |
| 8184127153 | Linear Perspective | Parallel lines appear to converge with distance The more they converge, the greater their perceived distance |  | 54 |
| 8184127154 | Interposition | If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer |  | 55 |
| 8184127155 | Relative Size | If we assume 2 objects are similar in size, most people perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away |  | 56 |
| 8184127156 | Relative Height | We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away |  | 57 |
| 8184127157 | Light and Shadow | Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes Dimmer seems farther away |  | 58 |
| 8184127158 | Binocular Cues | Depends on both eyes | 59 | |
| 8184127159 | Retinal Disparity | By comparing the images from the retinas in the 2 eyes, the brain computes distance Greater the difference/disparity the closer the object |  | 60 |
| 8184127160 | Phi Phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession |  | 61 |
| 8184127161 | Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change Consistent shape, size, lightness, and color | 62 | |
| 8184127162 | Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another | 63 | |
| 8184127163 | Extrasensory Perception (ESP) | Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input | 64 | |
| 8184127164 | Telepathy | One person sending thoughts to another or perceiving another's thoughts |  | 65 |
| 8184127165 | Clairvoyance | Perceiving remote events |  | 66 |
| 8184127166 | Precognition | Perceiving future events | 67 | |
| 8184127167 | Psychokinesis | "Mind over matter" |  | 68 |
| 8184127168 | Visual Capture | The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses | 69 | |
| 8184127169 | Papillae | Tiny bumps on the surface of the tongue covered in taste buds |  | 70 |
| 8184127170 | 5 Taste Sensations | Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami | 71 | |
| 8184127171 | Olfactory Bulb | Brain structure responsible for our sense of smell Processes info about odors after receiving sensory input form the nose |  | 72 |
| 8184127172 | Kinesthetic Sense | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts | 73 | |
| 8184127173 | Vestibular Sense | The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance | 74 | |
| 8184127174 | Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus | 75 | |
| 8184127175 | Cocktail Party Effect | Being able to focus one's attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli | 76 | |
| 8184127176 | Inattentional Blindness | Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere | 77 | |
| 8184127177 | Change Blindness | Failing to notice change in the environment | 78 | |
| 8184127178 | Visual Cliff Experiment | Tested depth perception in infants | 79 | |
| 8184127179 | Human Factors Psychology | A branch of psychology the explore how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use | 80 | |
| 8184127180 | Parapsychology | The study of paranormal phenomena Including ESP and Psychokinesis | 81 | |
| 8184127181 | Decibels | Unit of measurement for sound (dB) | 82 | |
| 8184127182 | Transduction in the Ear | 83 |
