States of Consciousness
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| 315900206 | consciousness | the process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experiences | |
| 315900207 | cognitive neuroscience | the branch of neuroscience that studies the biological foundations of mental phenomena | |
| 315900208 | nonconscious processes | Any brain process that does not involve conscious processing, including both preconscious memories and unconscious processes. | |
| 315900209 | preconscious memories | Information that is not currently in consciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them | |
| 315900210 | unconscious | Freudian ~ the part of the mind housing memories, desires and feeling that would be threatening if brought to consciousness. Cognitive psychology ~a collection of mental processes that happen outside of awareness | |
| 315900211 | daydreaming | A common variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation. | |
| 315923085 | circadian rhythms | Internally generated patterns of body functions, including hormonal signals, sleep, blood pressure, and temperature regulation, which have approximately a 24-hour cycle and occur even in the absence of normal cues about whether it is day or night | |
| 315923086 | REM sleep | rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. | |
| 315923087 | Non-REM sleep | Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity. | |
| 315923088 | sleep paralysis | condition in which during REM sleep the voluntary muscles in the body are immobile | |
| 315923089 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) | |
| 315923090 | sleep debt | A sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning. | |
| 315923091 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream taken at face value without interpretation | |
| 315923092 | Latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of objects and events in a dream. It involves interpretation based on psychoanalytic theory | |
| 315932252 | activation synthesis theory | theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story. Hence, dreams have no deep meaning. | |
| 315932253 | sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | |
| 315932254 | night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | |
| 315932255 | narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | |
| 315932256 | cataplexy | sudden loss of muscle control - often accompanies narcoleptic episodes | |
| 315932257 | hypnosis | a state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention, deep relaxation and characterized by heightened suggestibility | |
| 315932258 | meditation | a state of consciousness often induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions and minimizing external stimulation. It is often used to enhance self knowledge, well being and spirituality | |
| 315932259 | psychoactive drugs | Chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered consciousness | |
| 315932260 | hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | |
| 315932261 | opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. | |
| 315932262 | depressants | a class of drugs that slow down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmission of neural impulses in the central nervous system | |
| 315932263 | stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. | |
| 315932264 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | |
| 315932265 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | |
| 315932266 | addiction | a condition in which a person continues to engage in a behavior despite its adverse effects and (often) repeated attempts to discontinue the behavior | |
| 315932267 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | |
| 315932268 | psychological dependence | a mental need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions even if there is no physical need. |
