Some very useful vocabulary for chapter 9 on DAVID G. MYERS
Terms : Hide Images
| 5317935268 | Memory | The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. | 0 | |
| 5317935269 | Flashbulb Memory | A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. | 1 | |
| 5317935270 | Encoding | The process of putting information to the memory system. | 2 | |
| 5317935271 | Storage | The retention of encoded information over time. | 3 | |
| 5317935272 | Retrieval | The process of getting the information of the memory storage. | 4 | |
| 5317935273 | Sensory Memory | A type of short term memory that has a very short duration, but stores massive amount of information. | 5 | |
| 5317935274 | Short Term Memory | A working memory that last less than 18 seconds before forgotten. The capacity is very limited. 7 +/- 2. | 6 | |
| 5317935275 | Long Term Memory | A relatively permanent storage of memory with unlimited capacity. It's subdivided into explicit memory and implicit memory. | 7 | |
| 5317935276 | Automatic Processing | An unconscious encoding of information about space, time and frequency that occurs without interfering with our thinking. | 8 | |
| 5317935277 | Effortful Processing | An encoding that requires our attention and conscious effort. | 9 | |
| 5317935278 | Rehearsal | A conscious repetition of information to either maintain information in the short term memory or to encode it for storage. | 10 | |
| 5317935279 | Spacing Effect | The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through mass study. | 11 | |
| 5317935280 | Serial Position Effect | A better recall for information that comes at the beginning (primary effect) and at the end of a list of words (recency effect). | 12 | |
| 5317935281 | Visual Encoding | The encoding of picture images. | 13 | |
| 5317935283 | Semantic Encoding | Associated with the deep processing, emphasizes the meaning of the verbal input. | 14 | |
| 5317935285 | Mnemonics | A memory aid, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. | 15 | |
| 5317935286 | Chunking | Organizing items into familiar manageable units; often occurs automatically. | 16 | |
| 5317935287 | Iconic Memory | A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; capacity is seemingly immense while duration is rather short at a few tenths of a second | 17 | |
| 5317935288 | Echoic memory | Stores the sounds we have heard for about 3 to 4 seconds. | 18 | |
| 5317935289 | Long Term Potentiation | An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. These neurons fire more readily. | 19 | |
| 5317935290 | Amnesia | Loss of memory. | 20 | |
| 5317935291 | Implicit memory | Retention without conscious recollection. | 21 | |
| 5317935292 | Explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. | 22 | |
| 5317935293 | Recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier. Type of retrieval. | 23 | |
| 5317935294 | Recognition | A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned. | 24 | |
| 5317935296 | Priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. | 25 | |
| 5317935297 | Déjà vu | the eerie sense that "I've experienced this before" caused by retrieval cues activating memory of a previous experience. | 26 | |
| 5317935298 | Mood-congruent Memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. | 27 | |
| 5317935299 | Proactive Interference | The process by which old memories prevent the retrieval of newer memories. | 28 | |
| 5317935300 | Retroactive Interference | The process by which new memories prevent the retrieval of older memories. | 29 | |
| 5317935301 | Repression | The tendency to forget unpleasant or traumatic memories hidden in the unconscious mind according to Freud. | 30 | |
| 5317935302 | Misinformation Effect | Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. | 31 | |
| 5317935303 | State Dependent Memory | The impact of a physiological state such as being on drugs has on recall. | 32 | |
| 5317935304 | Cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering. | 33 | |
| 5317935305 | Concepts | Mental representations of related things. | 34 | |
| 5317935306 | Prototypes | The most typical examples of a concept. | 35 | |
| 5317935308 | Algorithm | Problem-solving strategy that involves a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to certain types of problems. | 36 | |
| 5317935309 | Heuristic | A problem-solving strategy used as a mental shortcut to quickly simplify and solve a problem, but that does not guarantee a correct solution. | 37 | |
| 5317935310 | Insights | A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. | 38 | |
| 5317935313 | Representativeness Heuristic | Tendency to judge the likelihood of things according to how they relate to a prototype. | 39 | |
| 5317935314 | Availability Heuristic | Tendency to estimate the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind. | 40 | |
| 5317935316 | Confirmation Bias | Tendency to notice or seek information that already supports our preconceptions and ignore information that refutes our ideas. | 41 | |
| 5317935317 | Fixation | The inability to see a problem from a new perspective. | 42 | |
| 5317935318 | Mental Set | A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way especially a way that has been successful in the past | 43 | |
| 5317935319 | Functional Fixedness | The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions | 44 | |
| 5317935321 | Tip of The Tongue (TOT) phenomenon | the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent. | 45 | |
| 5317935322 | Antergrade Amnesia | A condition in which events that occurred after the onset of amnesia cannot be recalled and new memories cannot be formed. | 46 | |
| 5317935323 | Retrograde Amnesia | a loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease. | 47 |
