Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 5382200805 | memory | the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. |  | 0 |
| 5382200806 | encoding | the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning. |  | 1 |
| 5382200807 | storage | the retention of encoded information over time. |  | 2 |
| 5382200808 | retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage. | | 3 |
| 5382200809 | sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. | | 4 |
| 5382200810 | short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. | | 5 |
| 5382200811 | long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. | | 6 |
| 5382200812 | working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. | | 7 |
| 5382200813 | parallel processing | the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. |  | 8 |
| 5382200814 | automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |  | 9 |
| 5382200815 | effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. |  | 10 |
| 5382200816 | rehearsal | the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. |  | 11 |
| 5382200817 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |  | 12 |
| 5382200818 | serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. |  | 13 |
| 5382200819 | visual encoding | the encoding of picture images. |  | 14 |
| 5382200820 | acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. |  | 15 |
| 5382200821 | semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. |  | 16 |
| 5382200822 | imagery | mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. |  | 17 |
| 5382200823 | mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. |  | 18 |
| 5382200824 | chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |  | 19 |
| 5382200825 | iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |  | 20 |
| 5382200826 | echoic memory | A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |  | 21 |
| 5382200827 | long-term potentiation (LTP) | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. |  | 22 |
| 5382200828 | flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |  | 23 |
| 5382200829 | amnesia | the loss of memory. |  | 24 |
| 5382200830 | implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called non-declarative or procedural memory.) |  | 25 |
| 5382200831 | explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.) |  | 26 |
| 5382200832 | hippocampus | a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. |  | 27 |
| 5382200833 | recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. |  | 28 |
| 5382200834 | recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. |  | 29 |
| 5382200835 | relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. |  | 30 |
| 5382200836 | priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. |  | 31 |
| 5382200837 | déjà vu | that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. |  | 32 |
| 5382200838 | mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |  | 33 |
| 5382200839 | proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. |  | 34 |
| 5382200840 | retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. | | 35 |
| 5382200841 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. |  | 36 |
| 5382200842 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |  | 37 |
| 5382200843 | source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. |  | 38 |
