AP Psychology Cognition Thinking and Language Vocabulary
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| 5865350766 | Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 5865350767 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 5865350768 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). | 2 | |
| 5865350769 | Algorithm | A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error prone use of heuristics. | 3 | |
| 5865350770 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 5865350771 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 5865350772 | Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions. | 6 | |
| 5865350773 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 7 | |
| 5865350774 | Mental Set | A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem | 8 | |
| 5865350775 | Functional Fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 9 | |
| 5865350776 | Representativeness Heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | 10 | |
| 5865350777 | Availability Heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | 11 | |
| 5865350778 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | 12 | |
| 5865350779 | Framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 13 | |
| 5865350781 | Belief Perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 14 | |
| 5865350784 | Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 15 | |
| 5865350785 | Phoneme | in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 16 | |
| 5865350786 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 17 | |
| 5865350787 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 18 | |
| 5865350788 | Semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | 19 | |
| 5865350789 | Syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 20 | |
| 5865350793 | Telegraphic Speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | 21 |
