note: epinephrine is a hormone NOT a neurotransmitter.
Terms : Hide Images
| 8259480849 | psychoactive drugs | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods | 0 | |
| 8259480850 | neuroadaptaion | the brain's chemistry adaptation to offset the drug's effect | 1 | |
| 8259480851 | tolerance | the diminishing effects with regular use of the same drug requiring the user to take larger doses before experiencing the drug;s effect | 2 | |
| 8259480852 | addiction | a compulsive craving for a substance despite adverse consequences | 3 | |
| 8259480853 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress following the discontinuing use of an addictive drug | 4 | |
| 8259480854 | psychological dependence | a psychological need for a drug to relieve negative emotions such as stress | 5 | |
| 8259480855 | drugs that are psychologically dependent | cocaine, alcohol, meth, amphetamines, smoking | 6 | |
| 8259480856 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug to relieve negative emotions such as stress | 7 | |
| 8259480857 | drugs that are physically dependent | alcohol, opiates (heroin and morphine), barbiturates, nicotine, meth, amphetamines | 8 | |
| 8259480858 | depressants | drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | 9 | |
| 8259480859 | drugs that are depressants | alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, | 10 | |
| 8259480860 | stimulants | drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions | 11 | |
| 8259480861 | drugs that are stimulants | amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy | 12 | |
| 8259480862 | hallucinogens | psychedelic "mind-manifesting" drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | 13 | |
| 8259480863 | drugs that are hallucinogens | LSD, marijuana, ecstasy (mildly) | 14 | |
| 8259480864 | alcohol | -affects the parts of the brain that help make decisions, involve impulse control, and memory -binds with GABA receptors making them more inhibitory, and it binds to glutamate preventing it from exciting the cell -also affects dopamine | 15 | |
| 8259480865 | barbiturates | drugs/tranquilizers that depress the central nervous system activity reducing anxiety and impairing memory and judgement -nembutal, seconal, amytal, -affects GABA | 16 | |
| 8259480866 | opiates | opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin) which depresses neural activity, lessening pain and anxiety temporarily -affect natural opiates (endorphins) | 17 | |
| 8259480867 | heroin | -mimics natural opiates -binds to opiate receptor sites turning off dopamine inhibition -dopamine overstimulates cells which results in feelings of well-being and sedation | 18 | |
| 8259480868 | amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity causing body functions and associated mood and energy changes to speed up -affects dopamine | 19 | |
| 8259480869 | methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the nervous system, which speeds up body functions and associated mood and energy changes -overtime it reduces baseline dopamine levels | 20 | |
| 8259480870 | crystal meth | the crystalized form of methamphetamine that is also highly addictive | 21 | |
| 8259480871 | cocaine | a psychoactive drug that is used for its euphoric effects -depletes brain's supply of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine -users become fidgety because it concentrates in the brain that controls voluntary movements | 22 | |
| 8259480872 | nicotine | -triggers the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine which diminish appetite, boost alertness and mental efficiency -stimulates CNS to release dopamine and opiates -also affects ACh | 23 | |
| 8259480873 | insula | part of the brian in the frontal lobes that lights up when people crave drugs | 24 | |
| 8259480874 | ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant drug and mild hallucinogen -mimics serotonin, taken up by its transporters. excess serotonin in the synaptic gap binds repeatedly to the receptor sites overstimulating the cells -results in feelings of emotional elevation and connectedness with those around them "hug drug" | 25 | |
| 8259480875 | LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) | a powerful hallucinogenic drug that causes feelings of euphoria, detachment and panic -affects serotonin | 26 | |
| 8259480876 | marijuana | leaves and flowers of the hemp plant | 27 | |
| 8259480877 | THC | main active ingredient in marijuana that triggers a variety of effects including hallucinations -molecules bind to cannabinoid receptor sites which turn off the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters so dopamine can be released freely amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds tastes, and smells | 28 | |
| 8259480878 | misconceptions about addiction | 1) addictive drugs quickly corrupt 2) addictions cannot be overcome voluntarily 3) the concept of addiction can be extended to cover other behaviors | 29 | |
| 8259480879 | Dopamine | -associated with pleasure, addiction -rewards our brains when we do something adaptive -controls voluntary movements -influences learning, attention, alertness, emotion | 30 | |
| 8259480880 | Serotonin | -feelings of calmness and satiation -affects hunger, emotions, and moods (HEM) -regulates sleep, pain, arousal, dreaming (SPAD) -involved in perception | 31 | |
| 8259480881 | GABA | primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; reduces anxiety | 32 | |
| 8259480882 | Acetylcholine (ACh) | -regulates movement -involved in some kinds of learning and memory | 33 | |
| 8259480883 | Epinephrine | -aka adrenaline: hormone which is excitatory -activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster, stopping digestion, enlarging pupils, sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster | 34 | |
| 8259480884 | Norepinephrine | -aka noradrenaline: chemical which is excitatory -used in ANS and most regions of the brain -regulates alertness, arousal, -affects heart rate, memory, sleep, stress, sexual responsiveness, vigilance, appetite, | 35 | |
| 8259480885 | Endorphins | -pleasurable sensations (enhances the release of dopamine) -controls pain | 36 | |
| 8259480886 | Glutamate | primary excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning and memory | 37 | |
| 8259480887 | antagonists | drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter | 38 | |
| 8259480888 | agonists | drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter | 39 | |
| 8259480889 | Too much Dopamine | Schizophrenia | 40 | |
| 8259480890 | Too little Dopamine | Parkinson's, ADHD, Tourette's | 41 | |
| 8259480891 | Too much Serotonin | reduced hunger and sex drive | 42 | |
| 8259480892 | Too little Serotonin | depression, OCD, aggressive behaviors, trouble sleeping, some anxiety disorders | 43 | |
| 8259480893 | Too much GABA | super relaxed | 44 | |
| 8259480894 | Too little GABA | anxiety, insomnia, eating disorders, seizures or tremors | 45 | |
| 8259480895 | Too much ACh | contraction of muscles (from the venom of a black widow spider's bite) | 46 | |
| 8259480896 | Too little ACh | Alzheimer's, paralysis (if shot with curare) | 47 | |
| 8259480897 | Too much Norepinephrine | agitation, elevated mood and arousal, high blood pressure | 48 | |
| 8259480898 | Too little Norepinephrine | depression | 49 | |
| 8259480899 | Too many Endorphins | euphoric feelings (in case of opiate use) | 50 | |
| 8259480900 | Too few Endorphins | causes discomfort, grumpiness | 51 | |
| 8259480901 | Too much Glutamate | can cause brain damage (i.e. after a stroke) | 52 | |
| 8259480902 | effects of alcohol | disinhibition, slowed neural processing, memory disruption, cognition-brain shrinkage, reduced self-awareness/control, expectancy effects, sexual situations | 53 |
