Motivation and Work
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| 123553496 | Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior | 0 | |
| 123553497 | Instinct | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned | 1 | |
| 123553498 | Drive-reduction theory | The idea that a physiological need creates as aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need | 2 | |
| 123553499 | Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level | 3 | |
| 123553500 | Incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior | 4 | |
| 123553501 | Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active | 5 | |
| 123553502 | Glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger | 6 | |
| 123553503 | Set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight | 7 | |
| 123553504 | Basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure | 8 | |
| 123553505 | Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve | 9 | |
| 123553506 | bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise | 10 | |
| 123553507 | sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution | 11 | |
| 123553508 | refractory period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm | 12 | |
| 123553509 | sexual disorder | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning | 13 | |
| 123553510 | estrogen | a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity | 14 | |
| 123553511 | sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) | 15 | |
| 123553512 | flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skill | 16 | |
| 123553513 | industrial-organization (I/O) psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | 17 | |
| 123553514 | personnel psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development | 18 | |
| 123553515 | Organizational psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change | 19 | |
| 123553516 | structured interviews | interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales | 20 | |
| 123553517 | achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard | 21 | |
| 123553518 | task leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals | 22 | |
| 123553519 | social leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support | 23 | |
| 123553520 | Theory X | assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed form above | 24 | |
| 123553521 | Theory Y | assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity | 25 | |
| 123553522 | emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experience | 26 | |
| 123553523 | James-Lange Theory | The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | 27 | |
| 123553524 | Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion | 28 | |
| 123553525 | two-factor theory | Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) by physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal | 29 | |
| 123553526 | catharsis | emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges | 30 | |
| 123553527 | feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood | 31 | |
| 123553528 | subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life | 32 | |
| 123553529 | adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience | 33 | |
| 123553530 | relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself | 34 | |
| 123553531 | behavioral medicine | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease | 35 | |
| 123553532 | health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine | 36 | |
| 123553533 | stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging | 37 | |
| 123553534 | general adaption syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages- alarm, resistance, exhaustion | 38 | |
| 123553535 | Coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries | 39 | |
| 123553536 | Type A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people | 40 | |
| 123553537 | Type B | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people | 41 | |
| 123553538 | psychophysiological illness | literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. Note: this is distinct from hypochondriasis- misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease | 42 | |
| 123553539 | lymphocytes | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B Lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and, among other duties, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances | 43 | |
| 123553540 | aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety | 44 | |
| 123553541 | biofeedback | a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension | 45 |
