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Ap Psychology Flashcards

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4842724381John B Watson achievementProve fear can be conditioned and spread to other stimulus with white rabbit experiment.0
4842727733John B watsonBehaviorist,speared headed the behaviorist movement, was influenced by Pavlov's work,wanted to focus back to scientific inquiry and believed only way to do so was to focus on observable behavior and ignore consciousness.(early works examined phobias)1
4842728829Wilheim wundtStructuralist, Attempted to apply scientific principles to study the human mind, believed the state of being could be broken down into thoughts2
4843810762Edward TichenerStructuralist, applied objective introspection to emotional and physical sensations, student of wundt believed every experience could be broken down into individual emotions and sensations.3
4843824931Objective introspectionthe process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities.4
4842729769James wiliamTeacher at Harvard,Functionalist,Influenced by Darwin's ideas about natural selection and focused on how the mind allows people to function in the real world, influenced development of evolutionary psychology.5
4843860804Influenced by DarwinJames William6
4843872227Max WertheimerDid not believe that psychological events could be broken down into smaller elements,could only be be understood as a whole(entire event) influenced field of cognitive psychology and a form of psychological therapy, Gestalts therapy.7
4843875578Found gestalt psychology and Gestalt theraphyMax Wertheimer8
4843863838Applied Introspection to Physical and Emotional Sensations.Edward Tichener9
4842729770Sigmund FreudPsychoanalysis, stressed importance of early life experiences, the role of unconscious, and development through stages.10
4842731080PavloBehaviourist11
4842740164Biological preparenessFear of heights, dangerous animals12
4842742167Visual cliffHuman have biological traits from birth example depth perception.13
4843673134FunctionalismIdentified by what they do, not what they are made of.Created by James William14
4843676429PsychoanalysisPersonality shaped by subconscious, which contains repressed memories from childhood.15
4843681701StructuralismConsciousness can be broken down into structures. Created By Edward tichener16
4843734723Goals of PsychologyTo uncover mysteries of human and animal behavior17
4843755034BehaviorOutward or overt actions and reactions such as talking, facial, expressions, and movement.18
4843765604Mental ProcessInternal, covert activities of our minds, such as thinking, feeling and remembering.19
4843775983DescriptionObserving a behavior and noting everything about it.20
4843780522ExplanationWhy is it happening? Important step, Process of forming theories of behavior.21
4843781593PredictDetermining what will happen in the future?22
4843781594ControlThe modification of human behavior.23
4843887877BehaviorismObservable behavior, ignored consciouness, Created by john b watson24
4843887941Associated with John B Watson.Behaviorism25
4843932149Margaret. F WashburnWundt's student who wrote "The animal mind 1908"26
4843940785Little albertConditioned by John B Watson to fear a white rat, eventually grew to fear white rabbits,coats.27
4843947091Mary Whiton CalkinsJames William's student who completed every course for P.H.D, But was denied because she is a woman -_-.28
4843953614Francis Cecil SumnerFirst African American to earn PHD in psychology, worked with human memory and self-psychology.Father of African American psychology.29
4843961608Mary Cover JonesCopied John B Watson's experiment with little Albert by wanted to cancel out the phobia that was induced by giving little peter food while trying to condition the child to fear a white rat.Pleasure outweighed the potential fear of the rat.30
4846559936What was lobotomy used or?Help people with ADHD, depression and psychiatric problems.31
4858039686Naturalistic observationsobserving behavior in a natural environment without control or manipulation of the environment32
4858045830Ethics in Psychologyrules of conduct recognized as appropriate to psychology and way of life to protect the wellbeing of participants in psychological research.33
4858058834Evolutionary psychologythe study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection34
4858060857Psycho dynamic psychology (freuds theory)a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence and behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders35
4858062786Behavioral psychologythe scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning36
4858064110Cognitive psychologythe scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating37
4858066161Social Perspectivethe study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking38
4858480860Cultural PsychologyStudy of culture norms, values, and expectations.39
4858492838Cognitive NeuroscienceStudy of the physical workings, of the brain and nervous system.40
4858469463Social PsychologyStudy of groups, social roles, and rules of social actions.41
4858119018Operant Conditioning (Skinner)Theory created by B.F skinner to explain how voluntary behavior was learned.42
4858119019Positive and Negative Reinforcement (Skinner)Behavioral responses that are followed by pleasurable behavior was learned.43
4858124357Self Actualization (Humanistic Perspective)People's ability to direct their own lives, free will, and self-actualization, reaction of behaviorism and psychoanalysis44
4858133766B.F Skinnercreated Behavioral perspective in which operant conditioning and reinforcement affect behavior.45
4858179879GestaltFocus on perception and patterns of a whole figure.(cognitive perspective)46
4858198312Founded Human PerspectiveAbraham Maslow and Carl Rogers47
4858510309Biological PerspectiveHuman and animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in the body, such as hormones, heredity, Brain chemicals, tumors.48
4858522348Biopsychologystudy of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes, studies sleep, aggression, learning, memory and sexual behavior.49
4858529875Nuerosciencestudy of the physical structure, function, and development of the nervous system.50
4858576731Biopsychosocialtheory by George L. Engel, a combination of biology, psychology, and social interactions to explain medically and psychologically.51
4858576732Evolutionary PerspectiveFocused on the biological basis for universal mental characteristics all humans share. Like why we are attracted to certain people and how it influences mate choices or why humans hate bitter food because early humans knew bitter foods were usually poisonous.52
4858592393George Engel expression of BiopsychoscialHow genetics, behaviors, and environmental aspects interact to explain an individual. Social stress, interaction affect body and mind.53
4858642648Bystander effectThe result of diffusion of responsibility.54
4873126697Psychologistan expert or specialist in psychology.55
4873127597PsychiatristsAble to write a prescription and able to diagnosis and treat psychological disorders.56
4873128767Psychiatric Social WorkersTrained in the area of Social work, focus on social conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders like poverty, stress, and drug abuse.57
4873136638Basic Vs Applied researchFor psychologist who do research,basic research stress in research for gaining scientific knowledge, Applied for answering real world problems.58
4875032123Naturalistic ObservationObserving people/ animals in a natural setting.59
4875032124Observer BiasA Person making observation allowing their predisposed opinions and expectations affect their results.60
4875032877Laboratory ObservationsObserving people/ animals in a controlled setting, people act differently in control settings.61
4875045431What are Descriptive MethodsCase Studies and Surveys62
4875045432Case StudiesOne individual is studied in great detail and observers try to learn everything about that individual. Tremendous amount of detail, Cannot be applied to others.63
4875047053SurveysAsk questions about a topic and researchers are studying via telephone, internet or questionnaire.64
4875048379Correlational CoefficientRepresented by a small r, it shows the direction of relationship and strength with numeral information on a scatter plot.65
4875048380Positive CorrelationRepresented by +1, means both variables are directly linked66
4875049360Negative CorrelationRepresented by -1, means both variable are inversely linked.67
4929500174Descriptive StatisticsA way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so that they can be understood.68
4929502446SampleA group of people selected, usually randomly, from a larger population of people69
4929504663Central tendencyused to summarize the data and give you one score that seems typical of your sample.70
4929509981Measures of variabilityUsed to indicate how spread out data are71
4929512643Frequency DistributionA table or graph that shows how often different numbers appear in a particular set of scores.72
4929517073HistogramsBar graph, provide a visual way to look at data from frequency distributions.73
4929518967PolygonLine graph, represent the data in a frequency distribution in much the same way as a bar graph.74
4929522344Normal CurveSpecific shape, bell curve, model for many things measured, such as inteligence, height or weight75
4929527301SkewConcentration of data on a specific location76
4929527302Positive SkewMajority of data located on the left side77
4929527328Negative SkewMajority of data located on the right side78
4929536327BimodalTwo equal high points79
4929542307Z scoreindicates how many standard deviations you are away from the average80
4929544718Standard DeviationA computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.81
4929547097P valuedetermines if data is due to luck probability less than 50% to be credible82
4929551071T testDetermines if to means are different.83
4929552836Inferential StatisticsAllow's researchers to draw conclusions, or make interference about results of research.84

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