Terms : Hide Images
| 10471208391 | Hindsight Bias | tendency of people to overestimate their ability to have predicted an outcome that could not possibly have been predicted. | 0 | |
| 10471209144 | Critical Thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments or conclusions but rather examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. | 1 | |
| 10471209145 | Theory | explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations | 2 | |
| 10471210222 | Hypothesis | a testable prediction, often implied by a theory | 3 | |
| 10471211004 | Operational Conditioning | statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures | 4 | |
| 10471220289 | Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. | 5 | |
| 10471220290 | Case Study | an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles | 6 | |
| 10471221348 | Naturalistic Observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation | 7 | |
| 10471221895 | Survey | technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them | 8 | |
| 10471222720 | Sampling Bias | An error in choosing participants for a scientific study such that the results are distorted | 9 | |
| 10471224805 | Population | all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study | 10 | |
| 10471225698 | Random Sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion | 11 | |
| 10471225699 | Correlation | it is a measure of the extent to which two variables are related. | 12 | |
| 10471226810 | Correlation Coefficient | a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other | 13 | |
| 10471227812 | Scatterplot | a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation). |  | 14 |
| 10471227813 | Illusory Correlation | the perception of a relationship where none exists | 15 | |
| 10471228965 | Experiment | a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants the experimenter controls other relevant factors) | 16 | |
| 10471228966 | Experimental Group | refers to the group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable | 17 | |
| 10471230069 | Control Group | composed of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment. | 18 | |
| 10471230928 | Random Assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups | 19 | |
| 10471230929 | Double-blind Procedure | an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. | 20 | |
| 10471233758 | Placebo | an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent | 21 | |
| 10471233759 | Independent Variable | the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect if being studied | 22 | |
| 10471236394 | Confounding Variable | factors other than the independent variable that may cause a result. | 23 | |
| 10471237240 | Dependent Variable | the experimental factor--in psychology, the behavior or mental process--that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to the manipulations of the independent variable | 24 | |
| 10471237241 | Validity | refers to a test's ability to measure what it is supposed to measure. | 25 | |
| 10471238547 | Descriptive Statistics | describe or summarize a set of data. | 26 | |
| 10471238548 | Histogram | a display of statistical information that uses rectangles to show the frequency of data items in successive numerical intervals of equal size. |  | 27 |
| 10471239487 | Mode | the most frequently occurring score in a distribution | 28 | |
| 10471240250 | Mean | the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores | 29 | |
| 10471240251 | Median | the middle score in a distribution; the scores are above it and half are below it | 30 | |
| 10471241170 | Skewed Distribution | measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. / Extremely high or low values in a set of data that can affect the mean and skew distributions. |  | 31 |
| 10471241764 | Range | the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution | 32 | |
| 10471244399 | Standard Deviation | a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score | 33 | |
| 10471244411 | Normal Curve | A frequency curve where most occurrences take place in the middle of the distribution and taper off on either side |  | 34 |
| 10471245580 | Inferential Statistics | provide ways of testing the reliability of the findings of a study and "inferring" characteristics from a small group of participants or people (your sample) onto much larger groups of people (the population). | 35 | |
| 10471246300 | Statistical Significance | probability of some result from a statistical test occurring by chance. | 36 |
