AP Psychology Flashcards

9842484179	Structuralism	introspection	0
9842487441	Functionalism	mental/behavioral function	1
9843117193	Psychiatrist	Prescribes meds	2
9843117195	Psychologist	Cannot prescribe meds	3
9843125316	Hindsight bias	Hindsight is 20/20	4
9843126397	Correlation is not	Causation	5
9843130124	Correlation Coefficient scale	1 is high, 0 is low	6
9843131765	Independent variable	factor manipulated	7
9843131766	Dependent variable	factor measured	8
9843133849	Mode	most frequent	9
9843135225	Mean	average	10
9843135226	Median	middle	11
9843139325	Dendrites	receive neurotransmitters	12
9843142762	Cell body	decides whether to send signal on	13
9843144680	Axon	sends signal	14
9843151235	Acetylcholine	muscle action, learning, memory, Alzheimer's = too little)	15
9843157186	Dopamine	movement, learning, attention, emotion, Schizophrenia = too much, Parkinson's = too little, Antipsychotic block receptors	16
9843163406	Seratonin	mood, depression = too little, hunger, sleep, arousal, antidepressants boost levels = block reuptake	17
9843165722	Norepinephrine	alertness, arousal, mood, depression = too little	18
9843168908	GABA	inhibitory, insomnia, seizures	19
9843170342	Glutamate	excitatory, memory	20
9843171901	Endorphins	opiate like, pain control, pleasure	21
9843173008	Agonist	mimic neurotransmitter	22
9843187913	Antagonist	blocks neurotransmitter	23
9843189988	CNS	centrally located in the body, brain and spinal cord	24
9843191120	PNS	majority of body	25
9843194227	Autonomic nervous system	part of PNS, don't control	26
9843201154	Sympathetic nervous system	part of ANS, arouses	27
9843204214	Parasympathetic	part of ANS, calms	28
9843207601	Sensory neuron	coming in	29
9843208966	Motor neuron	going out	30
9843211940	Pituitary glands	growth, master gland	31
9843213735	Medulla	vital functions, hindbrain	32
9843222010	Pons	btwn spinal cord and brain, hindbrain	33
9843224413	Cerebellum	walking, balance, coordination, skill memory, hindbrain	34
9843227533	Reticular formation	alerts consciousness, midbrain	35
9843232542	Frontal lobe	emotions, personality, decisions	36
9843234195	Motor cortex	initiates movement	37
9843235242	Parietal lobe	touch, memory, spatial info	38
9843237953	Somatosensory cortex	touch, pain, temp info	39
9843240762	Temporal lobe	hearing	40
9843240782	Primary auditory cortex	processes raw sounds	41
9843244902	Auditory association area	understands raw sounds	42
9843248110	Broca's area	speech fluency, left frontal lobe	43
9843249253	Wernicke's area	understanding of speech, left temporal lobe	44
9843253644	Occipital lobe	vision	45
9843256014	Primary visual cortex	processes raw sights	46
9843258086	Visual association area	understands sights	47
9843261046	Hypothalamus	emotions, hunger, thirst, limbic system	48
9843264157	Amygdala	emotional memories, limbic system	49
9843266707	Thalamus	sensory switchboard, limbic system	50
9843268448	Hippocampus	short term to long term, limbic system	51
9843271628	Corpus Callosum	connects hemispheres	52
9843273332	Basil Ganglia	regulates movements	53
9843285795	Left hemisphere	language, speech, math	54
9843287653	Right hemisphere	spatial, face recognition	55
9843290913	Aphasia	loss of language	56
9843297098	EEG	brain waves	57
9843297099	PET	brain activity	58
9843299980	fMRI and MRI	structures	59
9843306061	Teratogens	hurt unborn babies	60
9843307492	Schemas	concepts	61
9843307493	Assimilate	interpret similarily	62
9843310139	Accomodate	change interpretation	63
9843312938	Object permenance	person behind rack	64
9843314099	Conservation	playdough	65
9843315045	Sensation	detection	66
9843316600	Perception	interpretation	67
9843318484	Top down processing	experience expectations	68
9843322365	Bottom up processing	perceptions interpret sensations	69
9843331223	Absolute threshold	minimum stimulus detected 50%	70
9843336464	Signal detection theory	detect faint stimulus amid background stimulation	71
9843344617	Sensory adaptation	diminished sensitivity	72
9843346158	Weber's law	to perceive a change two stimuli must differ in constant %	73
9843351515	Transduction	energy to neural message	74
9843353945	Retina	rods and cones	75
9843353946	Rods	peripheral	76
9843356062	Cones	color	77
9843357112	Fovea	focus	78
9843359797	Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory	red, green, blue	79
9843361813	Opponent-process theory	afterimage	80
9843365239	Middle ear	hammer, anvil, stirrup, Conduction hearing loss	81
9843367402	Cochela	Nerve impulses Sensorineural hearing loss	82
9843370590	Kinesthesis	Body system for position and movement	83
9843373465	Vestibular sense	Sense of body movement and position	84
9843375300	Proximity	close = together	85
9843381342	Similarity	close = together	86
9843381343	Continuity	continuous	87
9843382814	Connectedness	two things connected = one	88
9843386683	Closure	fill in gaps	89
9843387741	Depth preception	3d	90
9843389306	Retinal disparity	difference btwn eyes	91
9843393331	Convergence	Neuromuscular cue as eye turn inward	92
9843396061	Monocular cues	relative size, interposition, relative clarity, texture gradient, relative height	93
9843400588	Phi phenomenon	blinking lights = motion	94
9843402690	Perceptual constancy	unchanging	95
9843404496	Perceptual set	mental set to see one thing, not another	96
9843406814	Awake	alpha waves	97
9843410660	Stage 1 sleep	hallucinations	98
9843413594	Stage 2 sleep	spindles	99
9843414876	Stage 4 sleep	delta waves, sleepwalking, night terrors	100
9843416822	REM sleep	REM movement, dreams	101
9843422798	Depressants	alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, opiates	102
9843424880	Stimulants	amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy/MDMA	103
9843427597	Hallucinogens	LSD, Marijuana	104
9843430849	Watson	behavioralism	105
9843440518	Classical conditioning	Pavlov's dogs	106
9843442297	Three-stage processing	sensory, short term, long term memory	107
9843447991	Semantic encoding	meaning	108
9843449878	Echoic memory	auditory	109
9843452462	Iconic memory	visual	110
9843459482	Implicit memory	retrieved without thought	111
9843463157	Procedural memory	how to do something	112
9843467389	Explicit memory	facts and experiences	113
9843470565	Declarative memory	facts	114
9843471874	Recall	fill in the black	115
9843471875	Recognition	multiple choice	116
9843475391	Proactive interference	sociology confuses psychology	117
9843482277	Retroactive interference	psychology confuses sociology	118
9843484303	Concepts	mental groupings of similar things	119
9843487825	Prototypes	bird = robin, not emu	120
9843490679	Mental set	solve using a method used before	121
9843493969	Representative heuristic	judging by how well it represents a prototype	122
9844221118	Framing	how we present an issue, by framing it to fit	123
9844223359	Phoneme	smallest distinctive sound	124
9844224413	Morpheme	smallest unit that carries meaning	125
9844228619	Instinct	complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned	126
9844230971	Drive-reduction theory	physiological need creates aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need	127
9844237897	Glucose	Increased insulin = decreased glucose = hunger	128
9844241085	Lateral hympothalamus	stimulates hunger	129
9844246044	Ventromedial hypothalamus	depresses hunger	130
9844247160	Leptin	increased leptin = less eating, more activity	131
9844250842	Basal metabolic rate	rate of energy expenditure in maintaining basic body functions when body is at rest	132
9844263163	James-Lange theory	perception of stimulus, arousal, emotion	133
9844266530	Cannon-Bard theory	perception of stimulus, arousal AND emotion	134
9844271324	Schachter's two factor theory	emotions have 2 ingredients...physical arousal and a cognitive label; perception of stimulus, arousal AND cognitive label, emotion	135
9844279059	Arousal	increased epinephrine/adrenaline and norepinephrine, heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar	136
9844291595	Id	devil on the shoulder	137
9844291633	Ego	compromise	138
9844294160	Superego	angel on the shoulder	139
9844297044	Repression	banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts, feeling, or memories from consciousness	140
9844298180	Regression	anxiety causes someone to act in a manner consistent with earlier psychosexual stage	141
9844301522	Reaction formation	choosing to react with the far opposite of one's true emotion	142
9844305098	Projection	projecting your thoughts or behavior onto someone else	143
9844307095	Rationalization	self-justification	144
9844308960	Displacement	taking emotions out on someone/thing who has nothing to do with the cause	145
9844311002	Sublimation	turning unacceptable impulses into socially valued skills	146
9844314074	Neo-Freudian	more emphasis on the role of the conscious mind both in interpreting experience and in coping with the environment	147
9844315156	Carl Jung	collective unconscious	148
9844317971	OCEAN/CANOE	openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism	149
9844329958	Anxiety disorders	generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, OCD	150
9844332297	Mood disorders	dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar	151
9844339271	Disassociative disorders	DID, schizophrenia	152
9844342699	Paranoid schizophrenia	preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations	153
9844345910	Disorganized schizophrenia	disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion	154
9844348381	Catatonic schizophrenia	immobility or excessive, meaningless movement, extreme negativism, or parrot like repeating of another's speech or movements	155
9844351370	Undifferentiated schizophrenia	many and varied symptoms	156
9849163758	Positive skew		157
9849165767	Negative skew		158
9849177761	Habituation	a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it	159
9849181812	Semicircular canals	three loop-like structures in the inner ear that contain sensory receptors to monitor balance.	160
9849189266	Hilgard	explained hypnosis through dissociation theory, believes in the presence of a hidden observer	161
9849195027	Most abused drug	alcohol	162
9849196581	Garcia	taste aversion learning, challenged classical conditioning with tendency to blame food for illness, that the particular stimulus used in classical conditioning does matter, and that taste aversion generally only requires one trial	163
9849239806	Premack principle	different rewards and punishments affect people differently	164
9849284543	Pineal gland	regulates hormones and biological clock, SAD = lack of melatonin	165
9849289678	Thyroid glands	energy, metabolism, vital functions, too much thyroxine = Grave's disease, too little = hypothyroidism, enlargement of gland = goiter	166
9849299619	Thymus	thymosin, immunodeficiency disorders	167
9849308580	Pancreas	insulin, too little = diabetes 1 and 2	168
9849313096	Adrenal glands	epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, too little cortisol = Addison's, too much cortisol = Cushing's	169
9849332222	Holmes and Rahe	social readjustment rating scale	170
9849332223	Hall	first american psych lab	171
9849335141	Wundt	first psych lab	172
9849340862	Rosenzweig, Bennett, Diamond	rats got bigger brains	173
9849343777	Gazzinga, Sperry	hemispheres	174
9849350929	Bouchard	twins	175
9849350930	Ramachandran	brain diseases	176
9849353473	Turnbull	culture v. depth perception	177
9849358565	Gibson, Walk	visual cliff	178
9849358566	Freud	psychoanalytic	179
9849360237	Cartwright	extension of waking life	180
9849361814	Revonsuo	stimulated	181
9849364149	Hobson, McCarley	activation synthesis	182
9849364409	Pavlov	dogs	183
9849367003	Watson, Raynor	baby Albert	184
9849367043	Skinner	rats press bar for food	185
9849369564	Thorndike	cat escapes puzzle box	186
9849372619	Bandura	BoBo doll	187
9849374974	Seligman	learned helplessness	188
9849376887	Tolman	rats have brain maps	189
9849379372	Bartlett	culture and memory	190
9849379373	Ebbinghouse	syllables, forgetting curve	191
9849381621	Miller	magic number	192
9849383274	Loftus	false memories	193
9849383275	Mahadevan	memory strategies	194
9849385797	Spearman	two factor theory	195
9849387867	Sternberg	triarchic theory	196
9849392767	Gardener	nine types	197
9849394730	Cattell	two types of g	198
9849394731	Guilford	120 types	199
9849396631	Thurstone	seven types	200
9849398717	Terman	gifted kids - who to terminate	201
9849400304	Chomsky	common grammar	202
9849400305	Whorf	theory of linguistic relativity	203
9849409689	Wertheimer	believed gestalt approach	204
9849413246	Seyle	general adaptation syndrome	205
9849414954	General adaptation syndrome	alarm, resistance, exhaustion, reactions to stress	206
9849434425	Ethical issues	informed consent, deception, coercion, anonymity, risk, debreifing	207
9849441523	Gilal cells	excitatory, arouse CNS, memory	208
9849448133	Inhibitory neurotransmitters	seratonin, GABA	209

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