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| 7608842467 | Neurons | - the bodys information system is built from billions of interconnected cells - basic unit of the brain - travel along neurotransmitters - help control our moves and muscles |  | 0 |
| 7608912679 | dendrites | - receives messages from other cells; the sting like looking structure coming off the cell body - branching extensions at the cell body - the answering machine for a telephone almost because it receives messages |  | 1 |
| 7608931946 | axon | -passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands - long single extension of a neuron covered with the mullein sheath - ax, an ax is cutting a tree like pushing the tree over so pushing messages away from the cell body like pushing the tree away from its roots (cell body) |  | 2 |
| 7608955202 | myelin sheath | - covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses - insulate and speed up messaging - sheath is like a shield so it shields the axon |  | 3 |
| 7609036124 | action potential | - a neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane - ions being sent in and out of the axon - the transporter/manufacturer of the axon | 4 | |
| 7609250362 | depolorization | - when positive ions enter the neuron making it more prone to firing an action potential - de polar so the opposite of bipolar which is constantly changing moods from happy to sad, instead always stays happy which results in positive ions | 5 | |
| 7609265238 | hyperpolarization | - when there are too many negative ions enter the neuron making it less likely to fire an action potential - hyper >> being hyperactive like a sugar hye which is bad for your body so its negative and negative ions | 6 | |
| 7609189157 | refractory period | - after a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again - the refresh button on your computer, the neuron needs a short period of time to refresh itself because it cant keep on firing and firing nonstop | 7 | |
| 7609399139 | Sodium-Potassium Pumps | - pump positive ions out form the inside of the neuron, making them ready for another action potential - cleans the ions like sending soap into the ions to clean them up and make them ready for another action potential | 8 | |
| 7609189158 | threshold | - each neuron receives depolarizing and hyper-polarizing currents from many neurons - the amount of positive axons that a neurons needs to fire - a threshold might be 1000 positive ions, if, 1001 enter the neuron than an action potential will happen - the amount needed for a fire>>>>so the amount of gunpowder needed to fire a bullet | 9 | |
| 7609192950 | all-or-none response | - when the depolarizing current exceeds the threshold, a neuron will fire - if the depolarizing current fails to exceed the threshold, a neuron will not fire -neurons cant halfway fire, they either fire or they don't >>>> taking a test and putting the wrong answer (its not going to be halfway correct if you put the wrong answer on there) | 10 | |
| 7609195635 | ***synapse | - a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron (the synaptic gap or cleft) - |  | 11 |
| 7609485068 | intensity | - an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon - when your walking you are giving the same amount of force so the neuron will fire at the same intensity | 12 | |
| 7609548729 | ***neurotransmitters | - chemicals released from the sending neuron, travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential - every neurotransmitter has a different function - in a dishawasher you have soap that transmit throughout the washer, the transmitter act as little particles of soap that transfer from the dispenser to landing on the dishes |  | 13 |
| 7610853422 | ***Acetylcholine | - neurotransmitter ACh, found in the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous system - responsible for stimulation in muscles (gastro-intestinal system) -found in the sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, schedules REM sleep | 14 | |
| 7610920064 | ***dopamine | - neurotransmitter -helps control the brain's reward and pleasure centers - regulate movement and emotional responses - enables us not only to see rewards - can lead to Parkinson disease if exposure to too much dopamine - too much can lead to addiction | 15 | |
| 7610975665 | Serotonin | - neurotransmitter - serotonin is thought to control mood and social behavior, appetite and digestion, sleep, memory and sexual desire - a small amount of serotonin can lead to depression - a person with a scarce amount of serotonin can develop depression that can be a result of poor appetite, sleep, memory, and sexual desire; all effects of serotonin | 16 | |
| 7609602634 | reputake | - neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the sending neurons - brakes on the neurotransmitter action -some of the neurotransmitters are absorbed by the dendrites of the other neuron while others are reabsorbed; recycled | 17 | |
| 7611847346 | Norepinephrine | - neurotransmitter - stress hormone - fight or flight hormone - blood pressure - if someone is really stressed out; my dad, with high levels of stress and and high blood pressure they can result with an increase of norepinephrine | 18 | |
| 7609655685 | agonist | - mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter, effects the receiving neuron - chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response - agonist is the one producing the action that will be then opposed by the antagonist in the action that is being done -the cause - if we have an UNDER supply of serotonin we take medicine that supply for an agonist | 19 | |
| 7610794664 | antagonist | - the antagonists blocks a neurotransmitters action, but not similar enough to stimulate the receptor - if there is an OVER supply of dopamine, we would take a medication that would act as an antagonist that blocks the antagonists | 20 | |
| 7611905891 | Central Nervous system | - brain and spinal chord - brain is in the center of our head so CENTRal and spinal chord is in the center of our body so again CENTRal | 21 | |
| 7611942571 | brain | - including hemispheres, lobes, and parts of the brain -the gooey mush inside of our head that contains everything we need to know | 22 | |
| 7611951343 | spinal chord | - where information travels to and from the brain - not just a spinal chord that helps structure our body to stand up right; its like a big telephone chord that carry information across the line | 23 | |
| 7611908581 | peripheral nervous system | - everything else on our body is a part of this system - peripheral vision is on the sides of our eyes so PERIPHERAL nervous system is like everything else on the sides on central nervous system | 24 | |
| 7611988545 | Somatic nervous system | - voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles - stick shift car, our ability for our hand to move the stick shift | 25 | |
| 7612003021 | autonomic nervous system (2 parts) | - controls automatic functioning like digesting, heartbeat, blinking, glands, pupils, etc - automatic car; our car will just move, we don't have to tell ourselves to digest or to blink, they happen automatically | 26 | |
| 7612033348 | sympathetic nervous system | - arousal - increase in heartbeat, inhibits digestion, dilates pupils, relaxes bladder - anytime we are excited are scared - you have stage fright and are on stage performing the school play, you are going to have butterflies and this is due to the sympathetic because you are aroused | 27 | |
| 7612059134 | parasympathetic nervous system | - decrease heartbeat, allows digestions, contracts pupils - you are now behind the stage and no longer in front of everyone and no longer scared you are able to calm down now | 28 | |
| 7614100276 | sensory neurons | - neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord - carry messages from the body tissue and sensory receptors inward to the brain and spinal chord for processing -so your senses are incoming feels so sensory neurons are messages incoming from your sensory neurons | 29 | |
| 7614139530 | motor neurons | - neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles and glands - motor of a car is outputting fumes like motor neurons outgoing information to the muscles and glands | 30 | |
| 7614159807 | interneurons | - neurons within the brain and spinal chord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory outputs and motor outputs - inner - brain so internal and inner are e concept | 31 | |
| 7614181663 | reflex | - a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus such as the knee jerk response - reflex to something being thrown at you, to block it or catch it | 32 | |
| 7614194963 | endocrine system | - a chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream - basically just send off hormones into the bloodstream | 33 | |
| 7614223644 | adrenal glands | - a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in time of stress - arousal, fight or flight - deals with adrenaline and non adrenaline -if there is an emergency and by the time it passes the feelings of excitement linger for a while | 34 | |
| 7614253222 | pituitary glad | - the endocrine system's most influential gland - regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands - hypothalamus is almost like its dad and it just helps it help the body grow - secretes many different hormones ex: sex hormones | 35 | |
| 7614301653 | neural networks *** | 36 | ||
| 7614316922 | Electroencephalogram (EEG) | - an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain's surface. these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp - a recording of brain waves of electrical activity in the brain | 37 | |
| 7614324546 | lesion | - tissue destruction - a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue - damage that has been caused to the brain tissue | 38 | |
| 7614359110 | CT (computed tomography scan) CAT scan | - a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation or a slice of the brains structure - the CAT scan can reveal brain damage through X-ray images | 39 | |
| 7614389422 | PET (positron emission tomography) scan | - a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task -''hot spots'' on a radar is like the Pet scan where you can see which parts of the brain are highly used the most, you can see where one does mathematical calculations, looks at images of faces, or daydreams | 40 | |
| 7614421302 | MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | - a technique that uses magnetic fields aand radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue - show brain anatomy | 41 | |
| 7614445188 | fMRI (functional MRI) | - a technique for revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans - show brain function and structure - shows wherever the brain is active where the blood goes | 42 | |
| 7614466690 | brainstem | - central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal chord swells as it enters the skull - responsible for automatic survival functions - the spinal chord of the brain, the beginning structure and part | 43 | |
| 7614487561 | medulla | - the base of the brain stem - controls heartbeat and breathing - medul UH >> duh you need to be able to breathe and have a heartbeat | 44 | |
| 7614503011 | thalamus | - the brains sensory control center - located on top of the brain stem - direct messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla - everyone sense is dm ing the thalamus except the smell | 45 | |
| 7614591704 | recticular formation | - a nerve network that travels through the brain stem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal - between your ears / extends from the spinal chord right up through the thalamus - serves as a filter and relays important information to other brain areas - mailman in the mail room that sorts through everything; filtering | 46 | |
| 7614623607 | cerebellum | - baseball sized "little brain" - sensory input - coordinating movements output and balance - nonverbal learning and memory - when someone is sick and they use a bell to get someones attention, this alerts someones senses and moves them closer to the bell | 47 | |
| 7614657374 | limbic system | - neural system including (hippo campus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) - emotions and drives - "border" between the 2 halves of the brain | 48 | |
| 7614692461 | amygdala | - 2 lima bean sized neural clustersss in the limbic system - emotion / anger and fear - oh my god im scared | 49 | |
| 7614704354 | hypothalamus | - neural structure lying below the thalamus - directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp) - emotion and rewards - governor of body maintenance - hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior | 50 | |
| 7614738251 | hippo campus | - linked to memory - do you remember when we went to the zoo and saw that hippo | 51 | |
| 7614958420 | Cerebral cortex | - the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres - the bodys ulttimate control and information processing center - bark on a tree | 52 | |
| 7614981182 | Occipital lobes | - portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back off the head - includes areas that receive info about visual fields -occular >>> seeing eyes | 53 | |
| 7614990624 | frontal lobes | - portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead FRONT - speaking and muscle movement - making plans and judgments - you judge people based on their FRONT appearance, whispering about them | 54 | |
| 7615006836 | pariteal lobes | - portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head BEHIND THE FRONTAL LOBES - receives sensory input for touch and body position - parental >> they are the only ones that can touch your body | 55 | |
| 7615022369 | temporal lobes | - portion of the cerebral cortex that is BENEATH BOTH FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBES -hearing - tempo>>>hearing | 56 | |
| 7615035555 | motor cortexx | - an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement - like a backseat driver that tells you what you can do movement wise | 57 | |
| 7615061498 | Somatosensory/sensory cortex | - area at the front of the pariteal lobes that register and processes body touch and movement sensations - william ad soma are sensations and you can touch everything in the store | 58 | |
| 7615112606 | plasticity*** | - the brains ability to change especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience | 59 | |
| 7615125750 | brocas area | - controls language expression - frontal lobe / left hemisphere - directs muscle movements involved in speech - broca , your word can make you broke based on how you talk at work getting you fired | 60 | |
| 7615144354 | aphasia | - impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage to either broca area or to wernickes area - since both broca and wernickes is different there are differences between them | 61 | |
| 7615159293 | wernickes area | - controls language reception - llanguage comprehension - left temporal lobe - how one receives language, how they hear it | 62 | |
| 7615183089 | Corpus callosum | - large band of neuraal fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them - axon fibers connecting two hemispheres - connectors | 63 | |
| 7615204620 | split brains | - a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them - a literal split brain - the split of the two hemispheres | 64 | |
| 7615248759 | left brain | -responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also performs tasks that have to do with logic, such as in science and mathematics. - more logical - math | 65 | |
| 7615271442 | right brain | - coordinates the left side of the body, and performs tasks that have do with creativity and the arts. - artistic - creative | 66 |
