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AP Psychology: History & Approaches Flashcards

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4873203622Structuralism (School of Psychology)an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind0
4873203623Functionalism (School of Psychology)a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish1
4873203624Experimental Psychology (Domain)the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method2
4873203625Behaviorism (School of Psychology)the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)3
4873203626Humanistic Psychology (Approach/Perspective)Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth4
4873203627Psychologythe science of behavior and mental processes5
4873203628Nature-Nurture Issuethe longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors; today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture6
4873203629Levels of Analysisthe differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon7
4873203630Biopsychosocial (Approach/Perspective)an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis8
4873203631Biological Psychology (Approach/Perspective)a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes9
4873203632Evolutionary Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection10
4873203633Psychodynamic Psychology (Approach/Perspective)a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders11
4873203634Behavioral Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning12
4873203635Cognitive Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating13
4873203636Social-Cultural Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking14
4873203638Basic Researchpure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base15
4873203639Development Psychology (Domain/Job)the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span16
4873203640Educational Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning17
4873203641Personality Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting18
4873203642Social Psychology (Domain/Job)the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another19
4873203643Applied Researchscientific study that aims to solve practical problems20
4873203644Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology (Domain/Job)the applications of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces21
4873203645Human Factors Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments22
4873203646Counseling Psychology (Domain/Job)a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being23
4873203647Clinical Psychology (Domain/Job)a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders24
4873203648Psychiatrya branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (i.e. drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy25
4873203649Forensic Psychology (Domain/Job)Apply psychological principles to legal issues.26
4873203650Experimental Psychology (Domain/Job)Work on research to add new knowledge to the field27
4873203651Wilhelm WundtFounder of scientific psychology Father of Psychology Structuralism28
4873203653Edward TitchenerStructuralism Student of Wundt29
4873203654Margaret Floy WashburnFirst woman to complete PhD in psychology Structuralism30
4873203655William Jameswrote Principles of Psychology Functionalism31
4873203656Mary Whiton CalkinsFirst woman president of the APA Functionalism32
4873203657Ivan PavlovBehavioral Approach Classical conditioning of dogs33
4873203658John WatsonBehavioral Approach Classical Aversive conditioning Little Albert Experiment34
4873203659BF SkinnerBehavioral Approach Operant Conditioning (rewards/punishment) Skinner Box (pigeons)35
4873203660Sigmund FreudPsychoanalysis (Father of)36
4873203662Carl RogersHumanistic Approach Unconditional Positive Regard37
4873203663Abraham MaslowHumanistic Approach Hierarchy of Needs38
4873203664Jean PiagetCognitive Approach Cognitive development in children39

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