Chapter 5 History and Approaches - Rapid Review - 5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology
Terms : Hide Images
| 755851045 | Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes | |
| 755851046 | Monism | seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing | |
| 755851047 | Dualism | seeing mind and body as two different things hat interact | |
| 755851048 | Nature-Nurture Controversy | the extent to which behavior results from heredity or experience (nature) behavior inborn (nurture) behavior learned | |
| 755851049 | School of Structuralism | early psychological perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection | |
| 755851050 | Wilhelm Wundt | founder of scientific psychology in Leipzig, Germany; studied consciousness using introspection | |
| 755851051 | G. Stanely Hall | brought introspection his labJohn Hopkins University in U.S.; first president of the American Psychological Association | |
| 755851052 | Edward Titchner | studied elements of consciousness at his Cornell University lab | |
| 755851053 | Margaret Floy Washburn | firt woman to complete her Ph.D in psychology | |
| 755851054 | School of Functionalism | early psychological perspective concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment | |
| 755851055 | William James | wrote Principles of Psychology | |
| 755851056 | Behavioral Approach | psychological perspective concerned with behavioral reactions to stimuli; learning as a result of experience | |
| 755851057 | Ivan Pavlov | known for classical conditioning of dogs | |
| 755851058 | John Watson | known for experiments in classical aversive conditioning | |
| 755851059 | B.F. Skinner | known for experiments in operant conditioning | |
| 755851060 | Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic approach | psychological perspective concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior | |
| 755851061 | Sigmund Frued | "Father of psychoanalysis" | |
| 755851062 | Jung. Adler, Horney, Kohut | psychodynamic psychologists | |
| 755851063 | Humanistic Approach | psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one's potential | |
| 755851064 | Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow | humanistic psychologists | |
| 755851065 | Biological approach | psychological perspective concerned with physiological and bio-chemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes | |
| 755851066 | Cognitive approach | psychological perspective concerned with how we receive, store, and process information; think/reason; and use language | |
| 755851067 | Jean Piaget | studied cognitive development in children | |
| 755851068 | Evolutionary approach | psychological perspective concerned with how natural selection favored behaviors that contributed to survival and spread of our ancestors' genes; evolutionary psychologists look at universal behaviors shared by all people | |
| 755851069 | Sociocultural approach | psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior | |
| 755851070 | eclectice | use of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches | |
| 755851071 | clinical psychologists | evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders | |
| 755851072 | counseling psychologists | help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle | |
| 755851073 | Developmental Psychologists | study psychological development throughout the lifespan | |
| 755851074 | educational Psychologists | focus on how effective teaching and learning take place | |
| 755851075 | Engineering/Human Factors psychologists | do research on how people function best with machines | |
| 755851076 | experimental psychologists | do research to add new knowledge to te field | |
| 755851077 | forensic psychologists | apply psychological principles to legal issues | |
| 755851078 | Health psychologists | concentrate on biological, and social factors involved in health and illness | |
| 755851079 | Industrial/Organizational psychologists | aim to improve productivity and the quality of work life by applying psychological principles and methods to the workplace | |
| 755851080 | Neuropsychologists | explore the relationships between brain/nervous systems and behavior | |
| 755851081 | Personality psychologists | focus on traits, attitudes, and goals of the individual | |
| 755851082 | Psychometrician | focus on methods for acquiring and analyzing psychological data | |
| 755851083 | Rehabilitation psychologists | help clients with mental retardation, developmental disabilities, and disabilities resulting from stroke or accidents adapt to their situations | |
| 755851084 | School Psychologists | assess and counsel students, consult with educators and parents, and perform behavioral intervention when necessary | |
| 755851085 | Social Psychologists | focus on how a person's mental life and behavior are shaped by interactions with other people | |
| 755851086 | sports psychologists | helps athletes refine their focus on competition goals, increase motivation, and deal with anxiety and fear of failure |
