Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 6714986038 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 6714986039 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | 1 | |
| 6714986040 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 6714986041 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. | 3 | |
| 6714986042 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. | 4 | |
| 6714986043 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. | 5 | |
| 6714986044 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want | 6 | |
| 6714986045 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. | 7 | |
| 6714986046 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. | 8 | |
| 6714986047 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | 9 | |
| 6714986048 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. | 10 | |
| 6714986049 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information (stereotype). | 11 | |
| 6714986050 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. | 12 | |
| 6714986051 | nativist theory | the theory of language development that states that humans have a natural, innate ability to develop language (theorized by Chomsky) | 13 | |
| 6714986052 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 14 | |
| 6714986053 | Language Acquisition Device | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) | 15 | |
| 6714986054 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | 16 | |
| 6714986055 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | 17 | |
| 6714986056 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | 18 | |
| 6714986057 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). | 19 | |
| 6714986058 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. | 20 | |
| 6714986059 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. | 21 | |
| 6714986060 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. | 22 | |
| 6714986061 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo | 23 | |
| 6714986062 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | 24 | |
| 6714986063 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | 25 | |
| 6714986064 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. | 26 | |
| 6714986065 | linguistic determinism | Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. | 27 |
