Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 9405530866 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 9405530867 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 9405530868 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 9405530869 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 9405530870 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 9405530871 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 9405530872 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want |  | 6 |
| 9405530873 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 7 |
| 9405530874 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. |  | 8 |
| 9405530875 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 9 |
| 9405530876 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 10 |
| 9405530877 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 11 |
| 9405530878 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 12 |
| 9405530879 | nativist theory | the theory of language development that states that humans have a natural, innate ability to develop language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 13 |
| 9405530880 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 14 |
| 9405530881 | Language Acquisition Device | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 15 |
| 9405530882 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 16 |
| 9405530883 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. |  | 17 |
| 9405530884 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 18 |
| 9405530885 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 19 |
| 9405530886 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 20 |
| 9405530887 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. |  | 21 |
| 9405530888 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |  | 22 |
| 9405530889 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 23 |
| 9405530890 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 24 |
| 9405530891 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 25 |
| 9405530892 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 26 |
| 9405530893 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 27 |
| 9405530894 | aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. | 28 | |
| 9405530895 | Broca's area | a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech | 29 | |
| 9405530896 | Wernicke's area | a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language | 30 | |
| 9405674254 | creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas | 31 | |
| 9405674255 | convergent thinking | narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution | 32 | |
| 9405674256 | divergent thinking | expands the number of possible problem solutions | 33 | |
| 9405674257 | trial and error | involves trying possible solutions and discarding those that are in error until one works | 34 | |
| 9405674258 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | 35 | |
| 9405674259 | Overconfidence | The tendency to be more confident than correct. to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements | 36 | |
| 9405674260 | belief bias | a tendency to draw conclusions based on what one already believes rather than sound logic | 37 | |
| 9405674261 | receptive language | ability to comprehend speech | 38 | |
| 9405674262 | productive language | ability to produce words | 39 | |
| 9405674263 | Overgeneralization | Occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases | 40 | |
| 9405674264 | universal grammar | Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a similar underlying structure | 41 | |
| 9405674265 | surface structure | actual wording of a sentence as it is spoken (phonemes, morphemes and syntax) | 42 | |
| 9405674266 | deep structure | SEMANTICS. meaning of words | 43 | |
| 9405674267 | critical period | an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development | 44 | |
| 9405674268 | bilingual advantage | bilingual people are skilled at inhibiting one language while using the other | 45 | |
| 9405674269 | outcome stimulation | imagining the desired outcome | 46 | |
| 9405674270 | process stimulation | through actions, possibly confirming a future action | 47 | |
| 9405674271 | skinner | language is learned, modeled (nurture) through reinforcement | 48 | |
| 9405956966 | Benjamin Whorf | language; his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think | 49 | |
| 9405956967 | Robert Sternberg | 5 components of creativity | 50 | |
| 9405956968 | Steven Pinker | Linguist that believed that we learn language from the environment, children errors in language | 51 | |
| 9405956969 | washoe/gardners | teach sign language to chimp but not as complex | 52 | |
| 9405956970 | Noah Chomsky | language acquisition device. genetically ready for language but needs experience | 53 | |
| 9405956971 | Kahneman and Tversky | two people who investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making | 54 |
