Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 6196524488 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 6196524489 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | 1 | |
| 6196524490 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. | 2 | |
| 6196524491 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 6196524492 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. | 4 | |
| 6196524493 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 6196524494 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want | 6 | |
| 6196524495 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. | 7 | |
| 6196524496 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. | 8 | |
| 6196524497 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | 9 | |
| 6196524498 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. | 10 | |
| 6196524499 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. | 11 | |
| 6196524500 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. | 12 | |
| 6196524502 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 13 | |
| 6196524503 | Language Acquisition Device | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) | 14 | |
| 6196524504 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | 15 | |
| 6196524505 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | 16 | |
| 6196524506 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 17 |
| 6196524507 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). | 18 | |
| 6196524508 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. | 19 | |
| 6196524509 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. | 20 | |
| 6196524510 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. | 21 | |
| 6196524511 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 22 |
| 6196524512 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 23 |
| 6196524513 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 24 |
| 6196524514 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. | 25 | |
| 6196524515 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. | 26 | |
| 6196524516 | aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. | 27 | |
| 6196524517 | Broca's area | a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech | 28 | |
| 6196524518 | Wernicke's area | a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language | 29 | |
| 6196547684 | over confidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of out beliefs and judgements | 30 | |
| 6196549845 | priming | the activation of particular associations in memory | 31 | |
| 6196552648 | belief bias | is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion. In other words, if people agree with a viewpoint, they are inclined to believe that the process used to obtain the results must also be correct. | 32 | |
| 6196555906 | artificial intelligence | computer or machine that has been created to "think" like a human. The idea behind it is that human reasoning can be understood and defined based on input(your experiences) and output(your actions). When a human makes a decision, they consider certain important variables | 33 | |
| 6196561954 | language relativity theory | 34 | ||
| 6196565394 | bilingual | speak more than one language | 35 | |
| 6196566928 | bf skinner | language aquisition theory--ex: associating objects with words,imitating other people's speech or hand signals, and being reinforced with a smile for saying or signing correctly | 36 | |
| 6196566929 | noam chomsky | children learn from their environment, but he feels that they acquire untaught words and grammar too quickly to be explained solely by learning principles-- he contends that all languages have the same basic building blocks and that therefore there is a universal grammar, and that all children—hearing or deaf—are born with a language acquisition device | 37 | |
| 6196569562 | benjamin whorf | created linguistic determinism | 38 | |
| 6196571004 | wolfgang kohler | monkey experiment--insight | 39 | |
| 6196571005 | allen and beatrix gardner | taught sign to chimpanzee--washoe | 40 | |
| 6196575120 | genie (wild child) | child that was left in home unattended for 13 years didn't speak any language | 41 |
