Advanced Placement Psychology
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| 8799644171 | intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |  | 0 |
| 8799644172 | intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. it is one's potential, not what they achieve. |  | 1 |
| 8799644173 | general intelligence | a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |  | 2 |
| 8799644174 | factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score. |  | 3 |
| 8799644175 | savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |  | 4 |
| 8799644176 | emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. Daniel Goleman developed a theory concerning it that focused on the importance of self control, empathy, and awareness of one's own emotions. |  | 5 |
| 8799644177 | mental age | The average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions. a measure of intelligence devised by Binet; the age at which a person is mentally performing at. It can be higher, lower, or the same as their chronological age. |  | 6 |
| 8799644179 | intelligence quotient (IQ) | Originally defined as the mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 Developed by Louis Terman. |  | 7 |
| 8799644180 | achievement tests | tests designed to assess what a person has learned. The AP Psychology Exam is an example |  | 8 |
| 8799644181 | aptitude tests | tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. SAT, and IQ test are examples |  | 9 |
| 8799644182 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |  | 10 |
| 8799644183 | standardization | The process of giving the test to a large group of representative and randomly selected people to establish consistent methods administration. |  | 11 |
| 8799644184 | Norms/Norming a Test | The standard(s) against which all others who take the test will be compared. Formed from the group used to standardize the test. |  | 12 |
| 8799644185 | normal curve | a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. |  | 13 |
| 8799644186 | reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results. a test can be reliable but not valid. Can determine by retesting or by comparing the consistency of scores on two halves of the test (split half reliability) |  | 14 |
| 8799644187 | validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. In order for a test to be valid it has to be reliable. | | 15 |
| 8799644188 | content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. The AP Psychology exam will measure your knowledge of Psychology, and not Chemistry. |  | 16 |
| 8799644189 | predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. The SATs have predictive validity. |  | 17 |
| 8799644190 | intellectual disability | (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. |  | 18 |
| 8799644191 | Howard Garnder | Developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences |  | 19 |
| 8799644192 | Louis Terman | Pioneer in the field of intelligence. Conducted the famous "termite" study, also created the Stanford-Binet test and the IQ formula. |  | 20 |
| 8799644194 | Robert Sternberg | Developed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |  | 21 |
| 8799644195 | Alfred Binet | Created the first known intelligence test and developed the concept of mental age. |  | 22 |
| 8799644196 | David Wechsler | Created what is today the most popular IQ test. |  | 23 |
| 8799644197 | Multiple Intelligences | Theory created by Howard Gardner that there are many types of intelligences such as musical, interpersonal, naturalist, and bodily-kinetics. Come critics say these are more abilities than intelligences |  | 24 |
| 8799644198 | Triarchic Theory | Robert Sternberg's theory that intelligence is composed of Analytic Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence. |  | 25 |
| 8799644199 | Charles Spearman | Saw intelligence as being composed of the g factor (ability to reason and solve problems) and the s factor (specific intelligence) |  | 26 |
| 8799644200 | Deviation IQ Scores | Replaced the old IQ formula. IQ scores are now determined based on a normal curve with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. |  | 27 |
| 8799644201 | Fluid Intelligence | Ability to quickly problem solve, reason abstractly and pick up new skills. Decreases as we age |  | 28 |
| 8799644202 | Crystallized Intelligence | Ability to use knowledge and facts we've gained over time Increases as we age |  | 29 |
| 8799644203 | Cultural bias | Tendency for IQ tests to reflect the language, culture, history, and customs of the people who designed the test. |  | 30 |
| 8799644204 | heritability | Proportion of change that is due to genetic factors. For intelligence, it is about 50%. Estimates of heritability apply to groups, not individuals. |  | 31 |
| 8799644205 | stereotype threat | just being aware of negative stereotypes that apply to your group can negatively impact your performance on intelligence tests |  | 32 |
| 8799644206 | Grammar | System of rules that govern a language. For instance, in English, we put the adjective before the noun- pretty sunset. |  | 33 |
| 8799644207 | Phonemes | The smallest units of sound in a language th is a phoneme; the word they has 3 phonemes |  | 34 |
| 8799644208 | Morphemes | The smallest units of meaning in a language Snowman- 2 morphemes (snow, man) |  | 35 |
| 8799644209 | Syntax | rules for combining words and phrases to make grammatically correct sentences. |  | 36 |
| 8799644210 | Semantics | Rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences. I have to go to a wake tonight vs. I have to wake my mom at 6 am have very different meanings |  | 37 |
| 8799644211 | Pragmatics | The social nicieties of language like taking turns, gesturing, and intonation. |  | 38 |
| 8799644212 | Noam Chomsky | Linguist who theorized that humans are born with the innate ability to understand and produce language. The complexities of language are hard wired in us |  | 39 |
| 8799644213 | Language Acquisition Device | theorized by Chomsky, it's an innate program that contains the schema for human language |  | 40 |
| 8799644214 | Linguistic relativity hypothesis | Developed by Benjamin Whorf, theory that language influences and controls thought processes and concepts. |  | 41 |
| 8799644216 | Over-generalization/Over-regularization of Language | Tendency for young children to over enforce the rules of language inappropriately. For example, saying, "I gooed to the potty." Used to support the idea of the LAD. |  | 42 |
| 8799644217 | B.F. Skinner | Believed that language was acquired through imitation and reinforcement. | 43 | |
| 8799644218 | Critical Period Hypothesis | Theory that if one's Language Acquisition Device is not activated withing the first few years of life, the person will never fully acquire language. Likewise, if a second language is not introduced before puberty, the person's acquisition will be limited and they will speak that language with an accent. |  | 44 |
| 8799644219 | Flynn Effect | Idea that over the course of history, intelligence has increased due to factors such as better diet and health and technological advancements. |  | 45 |
| 8799842307 | Receptive language | Ability to comprehend speech | 46 | |
| 8799842308 | Productive language | Ability to produce words | 47 | |
| 8799842309 | Broca's area | controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 48 | |
| 8799842310 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe | 49 | |
| 8799842311 | Linguistic determination | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 50 | |
| 8799842312 | Prototypes | a mental image or best example of a category. Matchy new items to prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird such as a Robin) | 51 | |
| 8799842313 | Algorithms | A methodical and logical rule or procedure that guarantee you solving a particular problem. Contrast with the usually speedier but also more error prone use of heuristics | 52 | |
| 8799842314 | Heuristics | A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgment and solve problems efficiently. Usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms | 53 | |
| 8799842315 | Insights | A sudden realization of a problem solution. Contrasts with strategy based solutions | 54 | |
| 8799842316 | Confirmation bias | A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 55 | |
| 8799842317 | Fixation | according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved | 56 | |
| 8799842260 | Intuition | An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, contrasted with Explicit, conscious Reasoning | 57 | |
| 8799842261 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind we presume such events are common | 58 | |
| 8799842262 | Overconfidence | The tendency to be more confident than correct-to over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements | 59 | |
| 8799842263 | Belief perseverance | Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 60 | |
| 8799842264 | Framing | the way an issue is posed, how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgement | 61 | |
| 8799842265 | Metacognition (n) | awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. | 62 | |
| 8799842266 | intrinsic motivation | being driven more by interest, satisfaction, and challenge than by external pressures | 63 | |
| 8799842267 | Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test | 64 |
