Terms : Hide Images
| 9831111188 | motivation | the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. |  | 0 |
| 9831111189 | extrinsic motivation | type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person. |  | 1 |
| 9831111190 | intrinsic motivation | type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner. |  | 2 |
| 9831111191 | instincts | the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals. |  | 3 |
| 9831111192 | instinct approach | approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by insticts similar to those of animals. |  | 4 |
| 9831111193 | need | a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism |  | 5 |
| 9831111194 | drive | a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension |  | 6 |
| 9831111195 | drive-reduction theory | approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal |  | 7 |
| 9831111196 | primary drives | those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst | 8 | |
| 9831111197 | acquired (secondary) drives | those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval |  | 9 |
| 9831111198 | homeostasis | the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state |  | 10 |
| 9831111199 | stimulus motive | a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity |  | 11 |
| 9831111200 | arousal theory | theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation |  | 12 |
| 9831111201 | Yerkes-Dodson law | law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels or arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high. This effect varies with the difficulty of the task: Easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level |  | 13 |
| 9831111202 | incentives | things that attract or lure people into action |  | 14 |
| 9831111203 | incentive approaches | theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties |  | 15 |
| 9831111204 | self-actualization | according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential |  | 16 |
| 9831111205 | weight set point | the particular level of weight the body tries to maintain |  | 17 |
| 9831111206 | basal metabolic rate (BMR) | the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting |  | 18 |
| 9831111207 | leptin | a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full | 19 | |
| 9831111208 | anorexia nervosa | a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs |  | 20 |
| 9831111209 | bulimia nervosa | a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain |  | 21 |
| 9831111210 | emotion | the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings |  | 22 |
| 9831111211 | James-Lange theory of emotion | theory in which a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion. I am afraid because I am shaking |  | 23 |
| 9831111212 | Cannon-Bard theory of emotion | theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time. I am shaking and afraid at the same time |  | 24 |
| 9831111213 | Schachter's cognitive arousal theory/ Singer and Schachter's Two Factor | theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced. That huge bear is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid |  | 25 |
| 9831111215 | Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Humanist theory of motivation that says we must first fulfill lower level needs before achieving personal fulfillment and self actualization Physiological-Safety-Belongingness and Love-Esteem-Cognitive-Self Actualization |  | 26 |
| 9831111216 | ventromedial hypothalamus | stops the eating response; lets us know we are full if damaged, we would continue to eat |  | 27 |
| 9831111217 | lateral hypothamalus | initiates the eating response; lets us know we are hungry if damaged, we would starve |  | 28 |
| 9831111218 | Achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard | 29 | |
| 9831111219 | Adaptation-Level Phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience | 30 | |
| 9831111220 | Aerobic exercise | Rhythmic, nonstop, moderate to vigorous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen | 31 | |
| 9831111221 | Behavioral medicine | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease | 32 | |
| 9831111222 | Binge-eating disorder | significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa | 33 | |
| 9831111223 | Biofeedback | a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension | 34 | |
| 9831111224 | Catharsis | Emotional release | 35 | |
| 9831111225 | Coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods | 36 | |
| 9831111226 | Coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America | 37 | |
| 9831111227 | Emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction | 38 | |
| 9831111228 | Estrogen | Female sex hormone | 39 | |
| 9831111229 | Feel-good, do-good phenomenon | The tendency to be helpful when in a good mood | 40 | |
| 9831111230 | Flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills | 41 | |
| 9831111231 | General adaptation syndrome (GAS) | A model of the body's response to chronic stress; the three phases are alarm (fight-or-flight response), resistance, and exhaustion. | 42 | |
| 9831111232 | Glucose | A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. | 43 | |
| 9831111233 | Health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine | 44 | |
| 9831111234 | Industrial-organization (I/O) psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | 45 | |
| 9831111235 | Organizational psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change | 46 | |
| 9831111236 | Personnel psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development | 47 | |
| 9831111237 | Polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion | 48 | |
| 9831111238 | Problem-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. | 49 | |
| 9831111239 | Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health | 50 | |
| 9831111240 | Psychophysiological illness | literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches | 51 | |
| 9831111241 | Refractory period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm | 52 | |
| 9831111242 | Relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself | 53 | |
| 9831111243 | Sexual disorder | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning | 54 | |
| 9831111244 | Sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) | 55 | |
| 9831111245 | Sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution | 56 | |
| 9831111246 | Social leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support | 57 | |
| 9831111247 | Stress | A nonspecific, emotional response to real or imagined challenges or threats; a result of a cognitive appraisal by the individual | 58 | |
| 9831111248 | Structured interviews | interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales | 59 | |
| 9831111249 | Subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. | 60 | |
| 9831111250 | Task leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals | 61 | |
| 9831111251 | Testosterone | Male sex hormone | 62 | |
| 9831111252 | Type A | competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people | 63 | |
| 9831111253 | Type B | easygoing, relaxed people | 64 |
