Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 8078988253 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 8078988254 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 8078988255 | prototype (Rosch) | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 8078988256 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 8078988257 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 8078988258 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 8078988259 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want |  | 6 |
| 8078988260 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 7 |
| 8078988261 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. |  | 8 |
| 8078988262 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 9 |
| 8078988263 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 10 |
| 8078988264 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 11 |
| 8078988265 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 12 |
| 8078988266 | nativist theory | the theory of language development that states that humans have a natural, innate ability to develop language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 13 |
| 8078988267 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 14 |
| 8078988268 | Language Acquisition Device (Miller/Chomsky) | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 15 |
| 8078988269 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 16 |
| 8078988270 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. |  | 17 |
| 8078988271 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 18 |
| 8078988272 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 19 |
| 8078988273 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 20 |
| 8078988274 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. |  | 21 |
| 8078988275 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |  | 22 |
| 8078988276 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 23 |
| 8078988277 | one-word stage (holophrase) | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 24 |
| 8078988278 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 25 |
| 8078988279 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 26 |
| 8078988280 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 27 |
| 8079000978 | Cognitive Map (Tolman) | a mental representation of the layout of one's environment |  | 28 |
| 8079000979 | Latent Learning (Tolman) | type of learning that occurs, but you don't really see it (it's not exhibited) until there is some reinforcement or incentive to demonstrate it | 29 | |
| 8079007918 | Modeling, Observational Learning, Social Learning Theory (Bandura) | Observing and copying of a behavior | 30 | |
| 8079007919 | Convergent Thinking | a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem | 31 | |
| 8079011538 | Divergent Thinking | a person generates many unique, creative responses to a single question or problem (brainstorming) | 32 | |
| 8079011539 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be very sure of a fact and later finding that the objective reality was different | 33 | |
| 8079021366 | Scaffolding/Guided Participation (Vygotsky) | instructional method in which teachers/parents demonstrate the process of problem solving for their children and explain the steps as they go along | 34 |
