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| 5050312167 | Nervous system | An extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body | 0 | |
| 5050315292 | Neuroscience | A branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue | 1 | |
| 5050315293 | Biological psychology | Branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior and learning | 2 | |
| 5050317528 | Neuron | The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and sends messages within that system; basic building block of life | 3 | |
| 5050317529 | Dendrite | Branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons | 4 | |
| 5050325144 | Soma/cell body | The cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell | 5 | |
| 5050328843 | Axon | Tubelike structure that carries the neural message to other cells | 6 | |
| 5050332120 | Glial cells | Cells that provide support for the neuron to grow; glue cells | 7 | |
| 5050347750 | Two types of glial cells | Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells | 8 | |
| 5050352561 | Myelin sheath | Fatty substance provided by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect and speed up the neural impulse | 9 | |
| 5050352562 | Nerves | Bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body | 10 | |
| 5050352563 | Multiple sclerosis | Damage to the myelin sheath leads to a loss of function of damaged cells. What is this known as? | 11 | |
| 5050352564 | Charged | When a neuron is at rest (not currently firing a neural impulse or message) it's electrically _____________. | 12 | |
| 5050355045 | Resting potential | The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse. | 13 | |
| 5050355046 | Action potential | The release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon. | 14 | |
| 5050369928 | Negatively; positively | When a neuron is at rest, neuron is _____________ charged inside and _____________ charged outside | 15 | |
| 5050375473 | All or none | Referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all | 16 | |
| 5050377945 | Terminal branches/ axon terminals | Branches at the end of the axon | 17 | |
| 5050379606 | Synaptic knobs | Rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals | 18 | |
| 5050396537 | Synaptic vessicles | Saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals | 19 | |
| 5050379607 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical found inside the synaptic vesicles that, when released, has an effect on the next cell | 20 | |
| 5050383330 | Synapse / snynaptic gap | Microscopic fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrite of surface of the next cell | 21 | |
| 5050383331 | Receptor sites | Holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters | 22 | |
| 5050383332 | Excitatory synapse | Synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire | 23 | |
| 5050385637 | Inhibitory synapse | Synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing | 24 | |
| 5050385638 | Agonist | Chemical substance that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell | 25 | |
| 5050385639 | Antagonist | Chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the actions of other chemicals or neurotransmitters | 26 | |
| 5050387443 | Beta-blockers | Drugs that are used to control high blood pressure and serve as antagonists by blocking the effects of the neurotransmitters that stimulate the heart's contractions | 27 | |
| 5050411948 | Propranolol; metaprolol | Commonly prescribed beta blockers | 28 | |
| 5050415214 | Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter; can be excitatory and inhibitory; involved in arousal, attention, memory and controls muscle contraction | 29 | |
| 5050419760 | Serotonin | Neurotransmitter; can be excitatory and inhibitory; involved in mood, sleep and appetite | 30 | |
| 5050422052 | GABA | Neurotransmitter; major inhibitory; involved in sleep and inhibits movement | 31 | |
| 5050423755 | Glutamate | Neurotransmitter; major excitatory; involved in learning, memory formation and nervous system development | 32 | |
| 5050425704 | Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter; mainly excitatory; involved in arousal and mood | 33 | |
| 5050428043 | Dopamine | Neurotransmitter; can be excitatory and inhibitory; involved in control of movement and sensation of pleasure | 34 | |
| 5050430618 | Endorphins | Neurotransmitter; inhibitory neural regulator; involved in pain relief | 35 | |
| 5050433086 | Reuptake | Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles (brain's natural recycling system). | 36 | |
| 5050435238 | Central nervous system | Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. | 37 | |
| 5050437472 | Spinal cord | A long bundle of neurons that carries messages between the body and the brain and is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes | 38 | |
| 5050437473 | Sensory / afferent | A neuron that carries information from the senses to the CNS. | 39 | |
| 5050439248 | Interneuron | A neuron found in the center of the spinal cord that receives info from the afferent neurons and sends commands to the muscles through the efferent neurons | 40 | |
| 5050439249 | Reflex arc | The connection of the afferent neurons to the interneurons to the efferent neurons, resulting in a reflex action | 41 | |
| 5050441500 | Neuroplasticity | The ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma | 42 | |
| 5050441501 | Stem cells | Special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of becoming other cell types hen those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear | 43 | |
| 5050453829 | Peripheral nervous system | All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself | 44 | |
| 5050455668 | Somatic nervous system | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body | 45 | |
| 5050455669 | Autonomic nervous system | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs and glands | 46 | |
| 5050455670 | Sensory pathway | Nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of afferent neurons | 47 | |
| 5050457689 | Motor pathway | Nerves coming from the CNS to the voluntary muscles, consisting of efferent neurons | 48 | |
| 5050457690 | Sympathetic division | Part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal | 49 | |
| 5050459519 | Parasympathetic division | Part of the ANS that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands | 50 | |
| 5050470460 | Deep lesioning | Insertion of a thin insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire | 51 | |
| 5050472412 | EEG | Equipment designed to record the brainwave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain | 52 | |
| 5050472413 | CT | Brain imaging method using computer-controlled X-rays of the brain | 53 | |
| 5050474037 | MRI | Brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain | 54 | |
| 5050474038 | PET | Brain-imaging method in which a radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain with lighter colors indicating more activity | 55 | |
| 5050474039 | fMRI | Brain-imaging method where a computer tracks changes in the oxygen levels of the blood | 56 | |
| 5050480279 | Medulla | Brain part responsible for life sustaining functions, like breathing, heart rate and swallowing | 57 | |
| 5050480280 | Pons | Brain part responsible for sleep and dreaming | 58 | |
| 5050482241 | Reticular formation | Brain part responsible for general arousal and alertness | 59 | |
| 5050482242 | Cerebellum | Brain part responsible for involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement and balance | 60 | |
| 5050482243 | Limbic system | A group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus | 61 | |
| 5050482244 | Thalamus | Brain part responsible for relaying sensory information to the proper sensory cortex. Sensory switchboard | 62 | |
| 5050484056 | Olfactory bulbs | Two projections just under the front of the brain that receive information from the receptors in the nose located just below | 63 | |
| 5050484057 | Hypothalamus | Brain part responsible for hunger, thirst, sex drive and sleep. Helps regulate the endocrine system | 64 | |
| 5050484058 | Hippocampus | Brain part responsible for the formation of new, long-term memories | 65 | |
| 5050486265 | Amygdala | Brain part responsible for fear responses | 66 | |
| 5050486266 | Cerebral hemispheres | The two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain | 67 | |
| 5050507863 | Corpus callosum | The band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres | 68 | |
| 5050507864 | Occipital lobe | Brain part responsible for vision | 69 | |
| 5050507865 | Parietal lobe | Brain part responsible for body sensations like touch, taste and temperature sensations | 70 | |
| 5050510215 | Somatosensory cortex | Area of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing info from the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, body position and possibly taste. Located in the parietal lobe | 71 | |
| 5050510216 | Temporal lobe | Brain part responsible for hearing and meaningful speech | 72 | |
| 5050510217 | Frontal lobe | Brain part responsible for mental processes, decision making and fluent speech | 73 | |
| 5050510218 | Motor cortex | Sections of the frontal lobe responsible for sending motor commands to the muscles of the somatic nervous system | 74 | |
| 5050512580 | Association areas | Areas within each lobe of the cortex responsible for the coordination and interpretation of info, as well as higher mental processing. Includes Broca's and Wernicke's area | 75 | |
| 5050524018 | Broca's aphasia | Condition resulting from damage to Broca's area, causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently, to mispronounce words, and to speak haltingly | 76 | |
| 5050524019 | Wernicke's aphasia | Condition resulting from damage to Wernicke's area, causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language | 77 | |
| 5050524020 | Spatial neglect | Condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere resulting in an inability to recognize objects or body parts in the left visual field | 78 | |
| 5050525672 | Cerebrum | The upper part of the brain consisting of the two hemispheres and the structures that connect them | 79 | |
| 5050525673 | Roger Sperry | Main person to pioneer split-brain research | 80 | |
| 5050525674 | Left Hemisphere | Hemisphere that mostly controls the right hand, spoken language, written language, mathematical calculations, logical thought processes, analysis of detail and reading | 81 | |
| 5050527798 | Right hemisphere | Hemisphere that mostly controls the left hand, nonverbal skills, visual-spatial perception, musician & artistic processing, emotional thought and recognition, the whole picture, pattern recognition and facial recognition | 82 | |
| 5050527799 | Split brain research | a. Left processes info from right eye and right processes info from left eye. b. Right hemisphere controls the left side of the body & left hemisphere controls the left side of the body. c. Isolating both sides would lead to an inability for the right and left hemisphere to connect. | 83 | |
| 5050541655 | Endocrine glands | Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream | 84 | |
| 5050543641 | Hormones | Chemicals released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands | 85 | |
| 5050543642 | Pituitary gland | Master gland; secretes human growth hormone & influences other hormone-secreting glands | 86 | |
| 5050543643 | Pineal gland | Gland that secretes melatonin | 87 | |
| 5050543644 | Thyroid gland | Gland in the neck that regulates the metabolism; secretes thyroxin. | 88 | |
| 5050543645 | Pancreas | Gland that controls levels of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagons. | 89 | |
| 5050545532 | Hypoglycemia | If the pancreas secretes too little insulin, the result is _________________. | 90 | |
| 5050545533 | Diabetes | If the pancreas secretes too much insulin, the result is _________________. | 91 | |
| 5050545534 | Gonads | Sex glands | 92 | |
| 5050545535 | Ovaries | Female sex glands/gonads; secretes estrogen | 93 | |
| 5050545536 | Testes | Male sex glands/gonads; secretes testosterone | 94 | |
| 5050547288 | Adrenal glands | Glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 hormones that deal with stress, regulate salt intake & provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence | 95 | |
| 5050547289 | Corticoids | Name for the 30 different types of hormones/steroids produced by the adrenal gland | 96 | |
| 5050547290 | Cortisol | One of the most important adrenal hormones that reacts to stress, like illness, surgery, extreme heat or cold and psychological stress | 97 | |
| 5050548848 | Mirror Neurons | Neurons that fire when an animal or person performs an action and also when an animal or person observes that same action being performed by another | 98 |
