Personality
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| 12798335229 | Free Association | In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. | 0 | |
| 12798335230 | Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. | 1 | |
| 12798335231 | Unconscious | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of whih we are unaware. | 2 | |
| 12798335235 | Psychosexual Stages | The childhood stages of development during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. | 3 | |
| 12798335236 | Oedipus Complex | According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. | 4 | |
| 12798335237 | Defense Mechanisms | In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | 5 | |
| 12798335238 | Projective Test | A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger proaction of one's inner dynamics. | 6 | |
| 12798335239 | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | A projection test in which people explores their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. | 7 | |
| 12798335240 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. | 8 | |
| 12798335241 | Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. | 9 | |
| 12798335243 | Unconditional Positive Regard | According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. | 10 | |
| 12798335244 | Self-Concept | All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" | 11 | |
| 12798335245 | Trait | A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. | 12 | |
| 12798335246 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | The most widely researched and clinically see of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes. | 13 | |
| 12798335247 | Empirically Derived Test | A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. | 14 | |
| 12798335248 | Social-Cognitive Perspective | Views behavior as influence by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context. | 15 | |
| 12798335249 | Reciprocal Determinism | The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors. | 16 | |
| 12798335250 | Personal Control | Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless. | 17 | |
| 12798335251 | External Locus of Control | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate. | 18 | |
| 12798335252 | Internal Locus of Control | The perception that one controls one's own fate. | 19 | |
| 12798335253 | Spotlight Effect | Overestimating other's noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us). | 20 | |
| 12798335255 | Self-serving Bias | A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. | 21 | |
| 12798335256 | Individualism | Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. | 22 | |
| 12798335257 | Terror-Mangement Theory | Proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death. | 23 | |
| 12798335258 | Preconscious | level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness | 24 | |
| 12798335259 | Compensation | a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors | 25 | |
| 12798335260 | Sublimation | (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct to one that is socially acceptable | 26 | |
| 12798335261 | Identification | bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group | 27 | |
| 12798335278 | self concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" | 28 | |
| 12798335279 | Trait Theory | Model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality 1. how prominent and extreme traits are in a person dictate their behavior. | 29 | |
| 12798335281 | Collectivism | giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly | 30 | |
| 12798335262 | intelligence test | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. | 31 | |
| 12798335263 | intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. it is one's potential, not what they achieve. | 32 | |
| 12798335264 | general intelligence | according to Spearman and others, this underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. | 33 | |
| 12798335265 | factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score. | 34 | |
| 12798335266 | savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. | 35 | |
| 12798335267 | emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. Daniel Goleman developed a theory concerning it that focused on the importance of self control, empathy, and awareness of one's own emotions. | 36 | |
| 12798335268 | mental age | A measure of intelligence devised by Binet; the age at which a person is mentally performing at. It can be higher, lower, or the same as their chronological age. | 37 | |
| 12798335269 | Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test. Louis Terman of Stanford University created it. | 38 | |
| 12798335270 | intelligence quotient (IQ) | Originally defined as the mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 Developed by Louis Terman. | 39 | |
| 12798335271 | achievement tests | tests designed to assess what a person has learned. The AP Psychology Exam is an example | 40 | |
| 12798335272 | aptitude tests | tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. SAT, and IQ test are examples | 41 | |
| 12798335273 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. | 42 | |
| 12798335274 | standardization | The process of giving the test to a large group of representative and randomly selected people to establish consistent methods administration. | 43 | |
| 12798335275 | content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. The AP Psychology exam will measure your knowledge of Psychology, and not Chemistry. | 44 | |
| 12798335276 | predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. The SATs have predictive validity. | 45 | |
| 12798335277 | intellectual disability | (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. | 46 | |
| 12798335282 | Multiple Intelligences | Theory created by Howard Gardner that there are many types of intelligences such as musical, interpersonal, naturalist, and bodily-kinetics. Come critics say these are more abilities than intelligences | 47 | |
| 12798335283 | Triarchic Theory | Robert Sternberg's theory that intelligence is composed of Analytic Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence. | 48 | |
| 12798335284 | Deviation IQ Scores | Replaced the old IQ formula. IQ scores are now determined based on a normal curve with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. | 49 | |
| 12798335285 | Cultural bias | Tendency for IQ tests to reflect the language, culture, history, and customs of the people who designed the test. | 50 | |
| 12798335287 | stereotype threat | just being aware of negative stereotypes that apply to your group can negatively impact your performance on intelligence tests | 51 | |
| 12798335289 | Critical Period Hypothesis | Theory that if one's Language Acquisition Device is not activated withing the first few years of life, the person will never fully acquire language. Likewise, if a second language is not introduced before puberty, the person's acquisition will be limited and they will speak that language with an accent. | 52 | |
| 12798335290 | Flynn Effect | Idea that over the course of history, intelligence has increased due to factors such as better diet and health and technological advancements. | 53 |
