AP Psychology vocabulary, important concepts, and significant characters from chapter one and the prologue. Book: Psychology (9th Edition) David G. Meyes.
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| 4621825003 | Wilhelm Wundt | The first man of psychology. Started it in 1879 when conducted experiment about hearing and being aware of it. | 0 | |
| 4621825004 | Structuralism | Early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. | 1 | |
| 4621825005 | Functionalism | school of psychology.how our mental and behavioral processes function --how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. counsciouness serves a function. | 2 | |
| 4621825006 | Edward Bradford Titchener | Edward Bradford Titchener aiemd to discover the structural elements of the mind through introspection. He introduced structuralism. | 3 | |
| 4621825007 | Introspection | Self-reflection, looking inward. | 4 | |
| 4621825008 | Charles Darwin | evolutionary theorist | 5 | |
| 4621825009 | William James | Harvard psychology professor. Impish, outgoing, joyous. Admitted first female student. | 6 | |
| 4621825010 | Mary Calkins | First female student in psychology, earning first female PhD. in psychology. | 7 | |
| 4621825011 | Ivan Pavlov | pioneered the study of learning. | 8 | |
| 4621825012 | Sigmund Freud | developed an influential theory of personality. | 9 | |
| 4621825013 | Jean Piaget | influential observer of children | 10 | |
| 4621825014 | Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes | 11 | |
| 4621825015 | Behaviorists | the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. | 12 | |
| 4621825016 | Humanistic Psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. | 13 | |
| 4621825017 | Abraham Maslow | developed the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Was a humanistic psychologist, emphasized the imporance of current environment influences on our growth potential, and the importandce of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied. | 14 | |
| 4621825018 | Carl Rogers | Humanistic psychologist. | 15 | |
| 4621825019 | Behavior | How an animal or human acts | 16 | |
| 4621825020 | cognitive neuroscience | interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition: perception, thinking, memory, and language. | 17 | |
| 4621825021 | nature-nuture-issue | controversy of relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. | 18 | |
| 4621825022 | natural selection | principle that inherited traits will most likely pass on to succeeding generations if contributing to reproduction and survival. | 19 | |
| 4621825023 | levels of analysis | different complementary views (biological, psychological, social-cultural,...) for analyzing phenomenons. | 20 | |
| 4621825024 | biopsychosocial approach | intergrated approach incorporating the biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | 21 | |
| 4621825025 | neuroscience | how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences | 22 | |
| 4621825026 | evolutionary | how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes | 23 | |
| 4621825027 | behavir genetics | how much our gens and our environment influence our individual differences | 24 | |
| 4621825028 | psychodynamic | how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts | 25 | |
| 4621825029 | behavioral | how we learn observable responses | 26 | |
| 4621825030 | cognitive | how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information | 27 | |
| 4621825031 | social-cultural | how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures | 28 | |
| 4621825032 | applied research | scientific study aiming to solve practical problems. | 29 | |
| 4621825033 | counseling psychologists | branch that assists people with problems in livin and in achieving greater well-being. | 30 | |
| 4621825034 | clinical psychologists | branch that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. | 31 | |
| 4621825035 | psychiatry | branch of MEDICINE dealing with psychological disorders. provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy | 32 | |
| 4621825036 | basic research | pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base | 33 | |
| 4621825037 | hindsight bias | I-Knew-It-All-Along phenomenon. tendency to believe one would have forseen something AFTER learning the outcome | 34 | |
| 4621825038 | scientific attitude | curiosity, skepticism, humility. | 35 | |
| 4621825039 | critical thinking | smart thinking examines assupmtions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. | 36 | |
| 4621825040 | theory | explains by integrated set of principles to organize observations and predict behavior or events. | 37 | |
| 4621825041 | hypothesis | testable predicions. An idea we can test. | 38 | |
| 4621825042 | operational definition | statement of procedures (operations) used to define research variables. | 39 | |
| 4621825043 | replicate | repeating the essence of research study with different participants in different situations. | 40 | |
| 4621825044 | scientific method | self-correcting process for asking questions and ovserving nature's answers | 41 | |
| 4621825045 | case study | examines one individual in depth to reveal truths about all. | 42 | |
| 4621825046 | survey | examines many cases with less depth. asks people to report behavior or opinion. | 43 | |
| 4621825047 | random sampling | everyone in entire group has equal chance of participation. | 44 | |
| 4621825048 | population | all cases of a group being studied | 45 | |
| 4621825049 | naturalistic observations | observing behavior in natural environment without control or manipulation of the environment | 46 | |
| 4621825050 | correlate | measure of the extent to which two factors vary with each other. helps in predictions | 47 | |
| 4621825051 | correlational coefficient | Correlation does not prove causation. statistical measure of relationship between two variables. | 48 | |
| 4621825052 | scatterplots | cluster of dots with each dot representing valueds of two variables. | 49 | |
| 4621825053 | illusory correlation | a perceived but non-existent correlation between two variables. | 50 | |
| 4621825054 | experiment | research method where researcher manipulates variables to observe effect. | 51 | |
| 4621825055 | random assignment | *Different from random sampling. assigning participants to experimental/control group by chance. | 52 | |
| 4621825056 | double-blind procedure | experimental procedure in which both the research participants and research staff are ignorant to whether the participants are receiving the treatment or placebo. | 53 | |
| 4621825057 | placebo effect | experimental result caused by expectations alones. effect on behavior caused by inert substance, which participant assumes is active agent. | 54 | |
| 4621825058 | experimental group | group exposed to treatment, a version of independent variable in an experiment. | 55 | |
| 4621825059 | control group | group not exposed to treatment. serves as a comparison for evaluation of treatment. | 56 | |
| 4621825060 | independent variable | variable being manipulated. Variable whose effect is being studied | 57 | |
| 4621825061 | dependent variable | the outcome. Variable that can change due to manipulation of independent variable. | 58 | |
| 4621825062 | BE SKEPTICAL | Think smart | 59 | |
| 4621825063 | mode | a measure of central tendency. the most frequently occurring score/scores | 60 | |
| 4621825064 | median | measure of central tendency. the midpoint, 50th percentile. Half above and half below. | 61 | |
| 4621825065 | mean | measure of central tendency. arithmetic average. The sum of all scores divided by number of scores. | 62 | |
| 4621825066 | range | measure of variation. gap between lowest and highest score. | 63 | |
| 4621825067 | standard deviation | measure of variation. how scores vary around the mean. | 64 | |
| 4621825068 | normal curve | symmetrical bell-shaped curve. 68-95-99.5 for one-two-three standard deviations away from the mean. | 65 | |
| 4621825069 | Reliable observed difference | 1. Representative samples 2. Less-variable observations. 3.more cases, larger sample | 66 | |
| 4621825070 | statistical significance | statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. | 67 | |
| 4621825071 | culture | shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next. It shapes our behavior. | 68 | |
| 4621825072 | SQ3R | Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review. | 69 | |
| 4621825073 | Ethics in Psychology | rules of conduct recognized as appropriate to psychology and way of life to protect the wellbeing of participants of psychological research. | 70 |
