Terms : Hide Images
| 15736066934 | Approaches | Behavioral, Cognitive, Evolutionary, Humanistic, Biological, Socio-Cultural, Psycho-Analytic | 0 | |
| 15736075128 | Behavioral Approach | An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. | 1 | |
| 15736089145 | Cognitive Approach | An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. | 2 | |
| 15736092472 | Evolutionary Approach | An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. | 3 | |
| 15736092473 | Humanistic Approach | An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny. | 4 | |
| 15736095369 | Biological Approach | an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system | 5 | |
| 15736097761 | Socio Cultural Approach | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking | 6 | |
| 15736107951 | Psycho-Analytic Approach | the unconscious mind controls much of our thought and action; to understand unconscious, dream analysis and other techniques are used | 7 | |
| 15736115064 | Types of Psychologists | Clinical, Counseling, School, Educational, Developmental,Personality, Social, and Experimental | 8 | |
| 15736116891 | clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders | 9 | |
| 15736118188 | counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being | 10 | |
| 15736119813 | school psychology | devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems | 11 | |
| 15736122153 | educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning | 12 | |
| 15736124128 | developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | 13 | |
| 15736125924 | personality psychology | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | 14 | |
| 15736128007 | social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | 15 | |
| 15736128008 | experimental psychology | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method | 16 | |
| 15736131509 | introspection | A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings | 17 | |
| 15736133185 | types of studies | cross sectional, experiments, case studies, longitudinal studies, correlation studies | 18 | |
| 15736137446 | cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another | 19 | |
| 15736139056 | experiments | a technique that tests predicted relationships among variables in a controlled environment | 20 | |
| 15736140750 | case studies | a research method that involves the intensive examination of unusual people or organizations | 21 | |
| 15736142560 | longitudinal study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period | 22 | |
| 15736144331 | correlational study | a research project designed to discover the degree to which two variables are related to each other | 23 | |
| 15736144332 | indpendent variable | the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose affect is being studied | 24 | |
| 15736146667 | dependent variable | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | 25 | |
| 15736148100 | Ethical Guidelines | suggested rules for acting responsibly and morally when conducting research or in clinical practice | 26 | |
| 15736150353 | types of correlations | positive, negative, zero | 27 | |
| 15736152760 | operational definitions | a statement of the procedures used to define research variables | 28 | |
| 15736159900 | replication | repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances | 29 | |
| 15736163180 | graphically representing correlation |  | 30 | |
| 15736171420 | statistical significance | a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance | 31 | |
| 15736171424 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 15736172957 | median | the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it | 33 | |
| 15736175489 | mode | the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution | 34 | |
| 15736175490 | range | the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution | 35 | |
| 15736179343 | standard deviation | a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score | 36 | |
| 15736180877 | Sample versus population | - Parent population - Sample: a subset of the population - A goal of inference is to draw conclusions about a parent population from sample-based data | 37 | |
| 15736182814 | Generalization | A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person | 38 | |
| 15736184577 | statistics | Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data. | 39 | |
| 15736187730 | bell curves | Shaped like a bell Also called "normal curve" or "normal distribution" Symmetric and has a single peak at its mean. | 40 | |
| 15736189990 | bystander effect (diffusion of responsibility) | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present | 41 | |
| 15736192073 | just-world phenomenon | the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get | 42 | |
| 15736193511 | blaming the victim | The tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimization, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place | 43 | |
| 15736196223 | social facilitation | improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others | 44 | |
| 15736196224 | group polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group | 45 | |
| 15736199412 | mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them | 46 | |
| 15736201467 | cognitive dissonance | Inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions | 47 | |
| 15736203036 | self-serving bias | the tendency to perceive oneself favorably | 48 | |
| 15736208949 | fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition | 49 | |
| 15736210965 | Milgram Experiment | an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a scientific authority figure - continued to shock the student even when the student said they were in pain because they didn't want to disobey Milgram (authority) | 50 | |
| 15736223515 | Self-fullfilling prophecies | predictions about future interactions that lead us to behave in ways that ensure the interaction unfolds as we predicted | 51 | |
| 15736225892 | Conformity | Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. | 52 | |
| 15736225894 | Asch Experiment | experimented how people would rather conform than state their own individual answer even though they know the group's answer is wrong - conformity increased when having to answer in a group - conformity decreased when answer is secret from the rest of the group | 53 | |
| 15736240673 | Zimbardo's Prison Experiment | In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Zimbardo, a former classmate of Stanley Milgram (who is best-known for his famous obedience experiment, was interested in expanding upon Milgram's research. He wanted to further investigate the the impact of situational variables on human behavior. The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Standford University's psychology building, and then selected 24 undergraduate students to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The participants were selected from a larger group of 70 volunteers because they had no criminal background, lacked psychological issues and had no major medical conditions. The volunteers agreed to participate for a one- to two-week period in exchange for $15 a day. According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates the powerful role that the situation can play in human behavior. Because the guards were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not normally act in their everyday lives or in other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed. | 54 | |
| 15736244529 | foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request | 55 | |
| 15736246291 | neural communication | The body's information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons. | 56 | |
| 15736248103 | types of neurotransmitters | excitatory and inhibitory | 57 | |
| 15736251689 | excitatory neurotransmitters | chemicals released from the terminal buttons of a neuron that excite the next neuron into firing | 58 | |
| 15736253613 | inhibitory neurotransmitters | chemicals released from the terminal buttons of a neuron that inhibit the next neuron from firing | 59 | |
| 15736256949 | endocrine system | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | 60 | |
| 15736256950 | nervous system | the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems | 61 |
