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AP Psychology Review--People Flashcards

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9795600386William Jamesrecognized for writing the Principles of Psychology, founder of Functionalism, and created emotion theory with colleague Carl Lang0
9795600387Charles Darwinrecognized for the theory of evolution1
9795600388Dorothea DixNineteenth-century reformer who protested the practice of confining the mentally ill in prisons and whose labors led to the expansion and improvement of mental hospitals.2
9795600389G. Stanley Hallfounder of the APA. and theory of Storm and Stress3
9795600390B.F. SkinnerBehaviorist known for the theory of operant conditioning4
9795600391John B. WatsonKnown for the "Little Albert" experiment where he classically conditioned a baby to be afraid of rats5
9795600392Wilhelm Wundtopened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany to study introspection and founded Structuralism6
9795600393Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior7
9795600394Carl Rogersknown as the father of client-centered (humanistic) therapy8
9795600395Jean PiagetCognitive psychologist known for his developmental theory including Servomotor; Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational Stage9
9795600396Albert BanduraSocial-Cognitive Psychologist known for his Bobo Doll study on observational learning10
9795600397Paul Brocacelebrated for his discovery of the speech production center of the brain located in the frontal lobes11
9795600398Carl WernickeKnown for discovery of the area of the brain involved in understanding language located in the temporal lobe12
9795600399Alfred AdlerNeo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order13
9795600400Elizabeth Loftuseyewitness testimony, misinformation effect, false memories14
9795600401Edward TolmanBehaviorist studied latent learning in rats through maze learning (learning which is not apparent in the learner's behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear)15
9795600402Lawrence KholbergKnown for his moral development theory including Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional16
9795600403Harry Harlowbest known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development.17
9795600404Lev Vygotskybest known for being an educational psychologist with a sociocultural theory. This theory suggests that social interaction leads to continuous step-by-step changes in children's thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture18
9795600405Carol GilliganAmerican psychologist known for her research in gender issues, ethical decision making, and hierarchies19
9795600406Erick Ericksondevelopmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, best known for formulating the Psychosocial Stages of Development which outlined personality development from birth to old age20
9795600407Abraham Maslowbest known for hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.21
9795600408Hans Selyefirst person to identify stress as a medical issue and its effects on people. Known as the "father of stress research"22
9795600410Stanley Schacterbest known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion23
9795600411Noam ChomskyAmerican linguist who contributed greatly to Cognitive psychology through language research. Believed children were pre-wired to learn language.24
9795600412Hermann Ebbinghauspioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve25
9795600413Wolfgang Kohlerwas one of the founders of Gestalt psychology along with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka. He is also famous for his description of insight learning which he tested on animals, particularly chimpanzees.26
9795600414Charles Spearmandeveloped his two-factor theory of intelligence using factor analysis. His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of general intelligence, but also the s factor of specific intellectual abilities.27
9795600415Robert SternbergBest known for Triarchic Theory of Intelligence which stated there are three types of intelligence: Analytical, Practical, and Creative28
9795600416David WechslerHe developed well-known intelligence scales, such as the scale for adults (WAIS) and the scale for children (WISC).29
9795600417Francis Galtonpioneered the fields of eugenics and psychometrics, and was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence.30
9795600418Howard GardnerAmerican developmental psychologist who developed the theory of multiple intelligences. He proposed that people have different ways of processing stimuli and information and theorized that these different types of intelligence mostly work independently of each other.31
9795600419Alfred Binetdeveloped the first Intelligence Test in collaboration with Theodore Simon. The test was developed in order to identify children with learning disabilities so that they might be placed in a special class. The scale was composed of thirty tasks, including items on memory, vocabulary, verbal ability, and reasoning.32
9795600420Stanley MilgramSocial Psychologist who is most well-known for conducting a series of controversial experiments on Obedience to Authority Figures33
9795600421Philip Zimbardois known for leading the Stanford Prison Study, a controversial experiment which investigated the psychological effects of being a prisoner or prison guard. In the experiment, college students were randomly assigned to become prisoners or guards.34
9795600422Solomon AsheHis primary areas of research included impression formation, prestige and conformity and the nature of group pressure.35
9795600423Leon Festingerdeveloped the theories of cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory.36
9795600424Mary Ainsworthdevelopmental psychologist who became known for her work concerning early emotional attachment of babies to their primary caregivers in the "Strange Situation"37

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